Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Lewis Bases

手性路易斯碱的不对称催化

• 批准号: 1012663
• 负责人: Scott Denmark
• 金额: $ 61万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1012663&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Asymmetric; Catalysis; Chiral; Lewis; Bases

Professor Scott E. Denmark is supported by the Chemical Synthesis Program in the Division of Chemistry to conduct research directed toward the invention of catalytic, enantioselective variants of well known chemical reactions involving elements in the Main Group and transition series of the Periodic Table and to carry out structural and mechanistic investigation of the reactions catalyzed by chiral Lewis bases. The primary objectives of this research involve the invention, development, and exploration of the scope of carbonylation of organic substrates under catalysis by dicobalt octacarbonyl. In these reactions, the Lewis base electronically activates the cobalt cluster by the cleavage into reactive ion pairs. The reactions targeted for this study are the carbonylative opening of epoxides and aziridines to form lactones and lactams, respectively. A second and synthetically important process that is catalyzed by dicobalt octacarbonyl is the amidocarbonylation of aldehydes to form alpha-amido acids. This remarkable transformation has no enantioselective variant and the Lewis base activation of the cobalt complex offers a unique opportunity to investigate both the mechanism and the stereochemical course of the process. It can be argued that progress in all areas of chemical synthesis is driven by the creation, optimization and understanding of new chemical reactions. The preparation of molecules with challenging chemical structures (natural products, or molecules of theoretical interest) or molecules with desirable chemical, physical or biological properties (with applications in materials science or the agricultural, pharmaceutical or commercial sectors) requires the ability to design executable synthetic routes. The most important lesson gleaned from the evolution of organic synthesis during the second half of the 20th century is that strategy and planning of synthetic routes are driven by tactics. In other words, the scope, selectivity and efficiency of chemical synthesis are inexorably tied to the discovery, development and optimization of new chemical reactions. In addition, these activities are ideal for the intellectual and practical training of graduate students and postdoctoral coworkers. The interplay of reaction design, development and application represent the essence of the scientific method. Students are presented with hypotheses for the outcome of planned experiments and they must learn to collect and interpret data to substantiate or eliminate the hypothesis. The unifying theme of this activity is the invention of new chemical reactions on the basis of current mechanistic paradigms. This provides a platform for creativity within the guidelines of the project for students to identify new directions.

Scott E.丹麦得到化学部化学合成方案的支持，开展研究，旨在发明涉及元素周期表主族和过渡族元素的众所周知的化学反应的催化性、对映选择性变体，并对手性刘易斯碱催化的反应进行结构和机理研究。 本研究的主要目的是在八羰基二钴催化下，对有机底物羰基化反应的范围进行发明、开发和探索。 在这些反应中，刘易斯碱通过裂解成反应性离子对来电子活化钴簇。本研究的目标反应是环氧化物和氮丙啶的羰基化开环，分别形成内酯和内酰胺。 由八羰基二钴催化的第二个重要的合成过程是醛的酰胺羰基化形成α-酰胺酸。这种显着的转变没有对映选择性的变体和刘易斯碱活化的钴配合物提供了一个独特的机会，调查的机制和立体化学过程的过程。可以说，化学合成所有领域的进步都是由新化学反应的创造、优化和理解所推动的。制备具有挑战性化学结构的分子（天然产物或理论上感兴趣的分子）或具有所需化学、物理或生物性质的分子（在材料科学或农业、制药或商业领域中的应用）需要设计可执行合成路线的能力。从世纪后半叶有机合成的发展中得到的最重要的教训是，合成路线的战略和规划是由战术驱动的。换句话说，化学合成的范围、选择性和效率与新化学反应的发现、发展和优化密切相关。此外，这些活动是理想的研究生和博士后同事的智力和实践培训。反应设计、开发和应用的相互作用代表了科学方法的本质。 学生提出了假设的结果计划实验，他们必须学会收集和解释数据，以证实或消除假设。该活动的统一主题是在当前机械范式的基础上发明新的化学反应。这为学生在项目指导方针内的创造力提供了一个平台，以确定新的方向。