EAGER: SusChEM: Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Driven By the Water-Gas Shift Reaction

化学催化的一些主要目标是降低实现重要化学转化所需的能量输入，并减少所需材料的量(溶剂、试剂等)。以产生所需的最终产品。在这项由化学部化学催化计划资助的项目中，斯科特·E·丹麦教授正在进行研究，以改进与工业相关的化工过程--水煤气变换反应(WGSR)。该反应用于在各种基本化学反应中形成碳-碳键。这项研究项目的目标是用污染较少的试剂取代产生大量废物的金属试剂。WGSR被大量使用来为大量的化学过程产生氢气。该反应通常是通过在固体催化剂上将一氧化碳和水结合来产生氢和二氧化碳来完成的。这项研究寻求以更少的副产品和溶剂形成新的碳-碳键。丹麦教授的学生确定了在温和的反应条件下实现所需化学反应的最有效催化剂。该项目旨在减少精细化工制造中的浪费。2005年，国家研究委员会发布了里程碑式的报告《化学工业的可持续发展》，确定了八大挑战，第一个是“绿色和可持续的化学与工程”。该报告呼吁进行研究，以确定适当的溶剂，控制热条件，净化、回收和配制防止浪费的产品，这些产品对环境无害，在经济上可行，通常支持更好的社会生活质量。尽管所有的研究都是为了提高WGSR的效率，但该过程仅用于使用多相催化产生氢气。然而，除了氢甲酰化之外，还没有开发出其他利用WGSR还原潜力的碳-碳键形成反应。该项目确定了需要化学计量的还原剂的重要的碳-碳键形成反应，并在合适的催化剂或催化剂组合的存在下，用水和一氧化碳的组合来取代该试剂。这项研究是培养新科学家创造性思维的一个很好的平台。

Some of the major objectives of chemical catalysis are to lower the energy input required to effect important chemical transformations and reduce the amount of materials needed (solvents, reagents, etc.) to generate the desired end product. In this project funded by the Chemical Catalysis Program of the Chemistry Division, Professor Scott E. Denmark is conducting research to improve an industrially relevant chemical process, the Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR). The reaction is used to form of carbon-carbon bonds in a variety of fundamental chemical reactions. The goal of this research project is to replace metal-containing reagents that generate large amounts of waste products with less polluting reagents. The WGSR is used on an enormous scale to generate hydrogen for high volume chemical processes. The reaction is generally done by combining carbon monoxide and water over a solid catalyst to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The research seeks to form new carbon-carbon bonds with fewer by-products and solvents. Professor Denmark's students identify the most efficient catalysts to enable the desired chemical reaction under mild reaction conditions. The project is designed to reduce waste in fine chemical manufacturing.The landmark report "Sustainability in the Chemical Industry" published by the National Research Council in 2005, identified eight "Grand Challenges" the first of which is "Green and Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering". The report called for research to "Identify appropriate solvents, control thermal conditions, and purify, recover, and formulate products that prevent waste and that are environmentally benign, economically viable, and generally support a better societal quality of life". Despite all of the research into improving the efficiency of the WGSR, the process is exclusively used for generation of hydrogen using heterogeneous catalysis. However, outside of hydroformylation, no other carbon-carbon bond forming reactions have been developed that harness the reducing potential of the WGSR. This project identifies important carbon-carbon bond forming reactions that require stoichiometric amounts of a reducing agent and replaces that agent with the combination of water and carbon monoxide in the presence of a suitable catalyst or catalyst combination. This research is an good platform for training new scientists to think creatively.