NetSE:Small: Long-Lasting Wireless Sensor Networks for Event Detection

事件检测是许多无线传感器网络(WSN)应用中常见的功能，例如监控网络中的入侵者检测、建筑物能源管理应用中的人员检测以及应变传感器网络中的裂缝检测。许多人认为，部署和维护成本是无线传感器网络技术没有得到更广泛应用的原因。虽然从通信性能的角度来看，分层或单跳网络体系结构很有吸引力，但它们所需的高功能和远距离传输节点在大范围应用中昂贵得令人望而却步。这使得多跳无线传感器网络成为大面积、成本受限的无线传感器网络应用的唯一可能性。然而，多跳无线传感器网络在电池寿命方面仍然有限。虽然环境能量收集和可充电存储元件延长了WSN的寿命，但这些技术增加了网络成本。因此，对可以使用低成本不可充电电池的极低成本传感器的需求仍然存在。在这个项目中，我们研究了新的路由和媒体访问控制(MAC)协议，以优化执行事件检测的WSN的生命周期，同时利用一种新的协作传输(CT)范围扩展转发策略。CT是一种技术，其中一个或多个无线电辅助物理(PHY)层中的另一个无线电(即无线电形成虚拟发射阵列)来传输单个消息。在多跳无线传感器网络的背景下，CT范围扩展成为一种非常有前途的能量平衡机制。该项目定义了真实的能耗模型，并优化了与事件检测质量和WSN寿命特别相关的MAC和路由指标，前提是CT范围扩展可用，以及其他寿命延长策略，例如网内过滤、睡眠调度、节能路由和非统一节点部署。

Event detection is a function common to many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, e.g. intruder detection in surveillance networks, presence of people detection in building energy management applications, and crack detection in strain sensor networks. Cost of deployment and maintenance is considered by many to be the reason why WSN technology is not more widespread. While hierarchical or single-hop network architectures are attractive from a communication performance point of view, their required highly functional and long-transmission-range nodes are prohibitively expensive in large-area applications. This leaves multi-hop WSNs as the only possibility for large-area, cost-constrained WSN applications. However, multi-hop WSNs are still limited in terms of battery life. While ambient energy harvesting and rechargeable storage elements extend WSN lifetime, these technologies add to the cost of the network. Therefore, the demand still exists for extremely low-cost sensors that can run on low-cost non-rechargeable batteries. In this project, we investigate new routing and medium access control (MAC) protocols to optimize the lifetime of a WSN that does event detection, while taking advantage of a new cooperative transmission (CT) range-extension forwarding strategy. CT is a technique wherein one or more radios assist another radio, in the physical (PHY) layer (i.e. the radios form a ?virtual transmit array?), to transmit a single message. In the context of multi-hop WSNs, CT range extension becomes a very promising energy balancing mechanism. This project defines realistic energy consumption models and optimizes MAC and routing metrics that are specifically tied to event detection quality and WSN lifetime, assuming CT range extension is available, along with other life-extension strategies, such as such as in-network filtering, sleep scheduling, energy-aware routing, and non-uniform node deployment.