RAPID: Networks In Transition from Response to Recovery following the Haiti Earthquake, 1/12/2010

RAPID：海地地震后网络从响应过渡到恢复，2010 年 1 月 12 日

• 批准号: 1034811
• 负责人: Louise Comfort
• 金额: $ 3.99万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-15 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1034811&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Networks; Transition; Response; Recovery

This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will document the transition process between disaster response operations and sustainable recovery following the January 12, 2010 earthquake in Haiti through direct field observation, content analysis of newspaper and official situation reports, as well as expert interviews with key managers from different organizations engaged in disaster operations. We will identify the critical points of decision among organizations that mark the transition from response to recovery, and incorporate these points into a conceptual model that may be used to inform decision processes in other communities exposed to recurring risk. Without timely transition to recovery, a disaster-stricken community risks escalating failures in performance of key functions, such as communication, transportation, electrical power, water, gas, and sewage distribution systems. These technical functions underlie the provision of basic services in health, housing, education, commercial activity, and environmental restoration essential to renewal of the affected community. Response and recovery operations following the Haiti Earthquake present an unusual opportunity to observe the evolution of a complex, adaptive system in real time. It provides an actual context for researchers to document the interactions and trace the information flow among organizations participating in disaster response, local organizations from the disaster-affected community, and still other organizations providing support from the wider global community. These interactions are rarely tracked in a systematic manner, but they are central to the longer-term economic, social, and technical development of a disaster-resilient community. The analyses of these interactions will reveal gaps and strengths in the flow of information and resources that are exchanged among organizations during the initial response phase following the event. The decisions and actions made during response operations create the basis for transition to the recovery and reconstruction phases, but are rarely documented. Tools of network analysis and computational simulation of organizational strategies for change will enable a more systematic exploration of these operations and offer fresh insight into the complex decision processes involved in disaster response, recovery, and reconstruction. Results from this initial study will serve as the basis for developing a more detailed model of disaster reduction in other risk-prone regions. Findings from this project will contribute to a global effort in developing a viable model of disaster risk reduction for nations exposed to seismic or other hazards. The proposed research also creates an opportunity for younger researchers to participate in reconnaissance following extreme events. This interdisciplinary team includes two advanced doctoral students in public policy, as well as a researcher trained in public health and law. Further, we are collaborating with a minority geophysicist from an undergraduate college who welcomes the opportunity to engage in research with an interdisciplinary team. The findings will demonstrate how an action system shifts from the urgent goal of life safety in disaster response to a more nuanced set of often conflicting goals for economic, social, and political development during recovery. This rapid response study will offer insights into the longer term processes of recovery and sustainable development of communities exposed to recurring hazards and risk.

这项快速反应研究基金（Rapid）将通过直接实地观察、对报纸和官方情况报告的内容分析，以及对从事灾害行动的不同组织的主要管理人员的专家访谈，记录2010年1月12日海地地震后灾害反应行动和可持续恢复之间的过渡过程。我们将识别标志着从响应到恢复过渡的组织中的决策关键点，并将这些关键点合并到一个概念模型中，该模型可用于通知其他面临重复风险的社区的决策过程。如果不能及时过渡到恢复阶段，受灾社区将面临通信、交通、电力、水、气和污水分配系统等关键功能失效升级的风险。这些技术职能是提供保健、住房、教育、商业活动和环境恢复等基本服务的基础，这些服务对受影响社区的重建至关重要。海地地震后的响应和恢复行动提供了一个不寻常的机会，可以实时观察复杂的自适应系统的演变。它为研究人员提供了一个实际的环境，以记录参与灾难响应的组织、受灾社区的当地组织以及来自更广泛的全球社区提供支持的其他组织之间的相互作用和跟踪信息流。这些相互作用很少以系统的方式进行跟踪，但它们对抗灾社区的长期经济、社会和技术发展至关重要。对这些相互作用的分析将揭示在事件发生后的最初反应阶段各组织之间交换的信息和资源流动中的差距和优势。在响应行动期间作出的决定和行动为过渡到恢复和重建阶段奠定了基础，但很少记录在案。网络分析工具和组织变革战略的计算模拟将使对这些操作进行更系统的探索，并为涉及灾难响应、恢复和重建的复杂决策过程提供新的见解。这项初步研究的结果将作为在其他风险易发地区制定更详细的减灾模型的基础。该项目的研究结果将有助于全球努力为面临地震或其他灾害的国家制定可行的减少灾害风险模式。拟议中的研究还为年轻的研究人员提供了参与极端事件后侦察的机会。这个跨学科小组包括两名公共政策方面的高级博士生，以及一名接受过公共卫生和法律培训的研究员。此外，我们正在与一名来自本科学院的少数地球物理学家合作，他欢迎有机会参与跨学科团队的研究。研究结果将展示行动系统如何从灾害应对中的生命安全这一紧迫目标转变为恢复过程中经济、社会和政治发展等一系列更为微妙、往往相互冲突的目标。这项快速反应研究将为暴露于反复发生的灾害和风险的社区的恢复和可持续发展的长期过程提供见解。