Analysis of Carbon Particulates Produced in Combustion of Biodiesels

生物柴油燃烧过程中产生的碳颗粒分析

• 批准号: 1067395
• 负责人: Wilson Merchan-Merchan
• 金额: $ 24.52万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1067395&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Analysis; Carbon; Particulates; Produced; Combustion

Proposal Review Analysis PI: Wilson Merchan-MerchanProposal Number: CBET-1067395Institution: University of OklahomaTitle: Analysis of Carbon Particulates Produced in Combustion of BiodieselsDue to the large energy demand of traditional fuels and therefore its limitations, the urgent need for energy from renewable/sustainable sources such as biofuels has emerged. Liquid biodiesels, bioalcohols, vegetables oils of different kinds and bioethers have the potential to address the energy need and at the same time are believed to lessen the adverse effects on our environment. It has been reported that biodiesel can significantly reduce gaseous harmful emissions and volatile organic compounds. However, little is known regarding the carbonaceous particles (soot particulates) produced from biodiesels and/or vegetable oil/diesel blends. Due to their nanometer-size, carbon particulates have great potential for environmental contamination and health effects, even at greater levels than other gaseous combustion emissions. Particles of nanometer size (billionth of a meter) that are inhaled have a high probability of deposition into the lungs and are likely to trigger or exacerbate respiratory diseases. In some cases these hazardous ultra fine particles can pass directly through capillary walls into the bloodstream initiating severe diseases in addition to respiratory health effects. The smaller the size of the particles, the more harmful they become. Moreover, due to their size and light weight, these particles can be suspended in the air for weeks before settling. The PI?s preliminary results show that carbon particulates produced from two different biodiesels have significantly smaller diameters compared to those produced in diesel fuel under the same experimental conditions. The preliminary findings contradict the notion that combustors running with oils are likely to produce large (less harmful) or coarse particles. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand the growth processes of these ultra-fine hazardous particulates generated from these new emerging fuels. A co-flow burner is used to create the flames. The approach of this project will be as follows. Objective 1: study the effect of soot concentrations (particle population) using different biodiesels and blends with various percentages of diesel fuel using the laser extinction technique. The effect of soot concentration will also be studied by creating the flame medium with different oxygen contents ranging from 21% to 100% O2. The laser extinction technique allows for an instantaneous, non-intrusive measurement of local soot concentration in a variety of flames. Objective 2: obtain particle distributions and study the particle morphology (size, nanostructure, and degree of agglomeration) of the carbon particulates by extracting them using the thermophoretic sampling technique. To accomplish objective 2, samples of carbon particulates will be analyzed using electron transmission microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM. Objective 3: Efforts will also be devoted to obtain concentration profiles of major gaseous chemical species, including CO, CO2, O2, SOx, and NOx. The emissions concentrations will be obtained by scanning the flame in axial and radial directions as a means of producing spatially resolved data. This research seeks to obtain a fundamental understanding of carbonaceous particles and other harmful gaseous emissions produced from various biodiesels and blends.Given the fact that this research project will take place in Oklahoma which is historically known for its Native American heritage and population, the broader impact of this proposal focuses on the recruitment of Native American students into science and engineering. The first Educational Proposition focuses on a plan to stimulate interest and as a result increase the participation of Native Americans in undergraduate and advanced level engineering education. In order to have a broader impact, this Educational Proposition will also focus on the mentoring of secondary level students. The second Educational Proposition focuses on stimulating and increasing the participation of domestic students in an advanced education in engineering. Efforts will be targeted toward highly talented students who are in their third and fourth year of their undergraduate studies. OU has an exceptional pool of talented undergraduate students to draw from as evidenced by the fact that OU is consistently ranked #1 in National Merit Scholars per capita for public universities in the nation. Approximately half of these National Merit Scholars matriculate in the College of Engineering, thus constituting a large number of potential graduate students to be recruited locally as well as nationally.

提案审查分析 PI：Wilson Merchan-Merchan提案编号：CBET-1067395机构：俄克拉荷马大学标题：生物柴油燃烧中产生的碳颗粒分析由于传统燃料的能源需求量大及其局限性，对来自生物燃料等可再生/可持续来源的能源的迫切需求已经出现。 液体生物柴油、生物醇、不同种类的植物油和生物醚有可能满足能源需求，同时被认为可以减少对环境的不利影响。 据报道，生物柴油可以显着减少气态有害排放物和挥发性有机化合物。 然而，人们对生物柴油和/或植物油/柴油混合物产生的碳质颗粒（烟灰颗粒）知之甚少。 由于其纳米尺寸，碳颗粒具有巨大的环境污染和健康影响潜力，甚至比其他气体燃烧排放的水平更高。 吸入的纳米尺寸（十亿分之一米）的颗粒很可能沉积到肺部，并可能引发或加剧呼吸道疾病。 在某些情况下，这些有害的超细颗粒可以直接穿过毛细血管壁进入血液，除了影响呼吸系统健康外，还会引发严重疾病。 颗粒的尺寸越小，它们的危害就越大。 此外，由于它们的尺寸和重量轻，这些颗粒在沉降之前可以在空气中悬浮数周。 PI 的初步结果表明，在相同实验条件下，与柴油燃料中产生的碳颗粒相比，两种不同生物柴油产生的碳颗粒的直径明显更小。 初步发现与使用油运行的燃烧器可能产生大的（危害较小）或粗颗粒的观点相矛盾。 因此，迫切需要了解这些新兴燃料产生的超细有害颗粒的生长过程。 并流燃烧器用于产生火焰。 该项目的方法如下。目标 1：使用激光消光技术研究使用不同生物柴油以及与不同百分比的柴油混合时烟灰浓度（颗粒数量）的影响。 还将通过创建具有不同氧含量（21% 至 100% O2）的火焰介质来研究烟灰浓度的影响。 激光消光技术可以对各种火焰中的局部烟灰浓度进行即时、非侵入式测量。 目标 2：通过使用热泳采样技术提取碳颗粒，获得颗粒分布并研究碳颗粒的颗粒形态（尺寸、纳米结构和团聚程度）。 为了实现目标 2，将使用电子透射显微镜 (TEM) 和高分辨率 TEM 分析碳颗粒样品。 目标 3：还将致力于获取主要气态化学物质的浓度分布，包括 CO、CO2、O2、SOx 和 NOx。 排放浓度将通过沿轴向和径向扫描火焰来获得，作为产生空间分辨数据的一种手段。 这项研究旨在对各种生物柴油和混合物产生的碳质颗粒和其他有害气体排放有一个基本的了解。鉴于该研究项目将在历史上以其美洲原住民遗产和人口而闻名的俄克拉荷马州进行，该提案的更广泛影响集中在招募美国原住民学生进入科学和工程领域。 第一个教育提案侧重于激发兴趣的计划，从而增加美国原住民对本科和高级工程教育的参与。 为了产生更广泛的影响，该教育提案还将重点关注对中学学生的指导。 第二个教育提案的重点是刺激和增加国内学生参与高等工程教育。 重点将针对本科三年级和四年级的高素质学生。 开放大学拥有一批优秀的本科生可供选拔，事实证明，开放大学在全国公立大学的人均国家优秀学者中一直排名第一。 这些国家优秀学者中大约有一半被工程学院录取，从而构成了本地和全国范围内招收的大量潜在研究生。