Field, Laboratory, and Numerical Studies of Geyser Eruptions

间歇泉喷发的现场、实验室和数值研究

• 批准号: 1114184
• 负责人: Michael Manga
• 金额: $ 29.71万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1114184&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Field; Laboratory; Numerical; Studies; Geyser

Geysers provide a natural laboratory to study eruption processes and the geophysical and hydrological signals that can be measured before, during, and after an eruption. Because they are smaller than volcanic eruptions, and erupt more frequently, they provide a rare opportunity to collect abundant data and develop approaches for integrating and interpreting measurements.About 3 million visitors to Yellowstone witness the wonders of geyser eruptions. Explanations for these phenomena, however, are limited or lacking. Geyser-like behavior of water and hydrocarbons has also been observed on the ocean floor and at mud volcanoes. Thus improved understanding of geyser behavior may yield insight into other self-organized, intermittent processes in nature that result from localized input of energy and mass. Insights from studies of geysers can also be translated to volcanic systems. This project will integrate field measurements, laboratory studies, and numerical simulations of multiphase flow in geyser systems to address the following basic questions about the geysering process: How does conduit plumbing affect eruption initiation and interval? Do eruptions begin at the top or bottom of the conduit? How many conduit volumes erupt per eruption? Do non-condensable gases play a role in eruptions? Which external processes (e.g., tides, variations in barometric pressure, earthquakes) and internal dynamics (e.g., duration of preceding eruption) influence the interval between and duration of eruption? How are geyser conduits recharged? When and where does vapor form? Answers to this question may offer new insight into triggered seismicity and volcanic eruptions.

间歇泉提供了一个研究喷发过程的天然实验室，以及可以在喷发之前、期间和之后测量的地球物理和水文信号。由于它们比火山喷发规模小，而且爆发频率更高，因此它们为收集大量数据和开发整合和解释测量结果的方法提供了难得的机会。大约有300万游客到黄石公园见证间歇泉喷发的奇观。然而，对这些现象的解释是有限的或缺乏的。在海底和泥火山上也观察到类似间歇泉的水和碳氢化合物的行为。因此，提高对间歇泉行为的理解，可能会使我们深入了解自然界中其他自组织的间歇过程，这些过程是由局部能量和质量输入造成的。从间歇泉的研究中获得的见解也可以转化为火山系统。该项目将整合间歇泉系统中多相流的现场测量、实验室研究和数值模拟，以解决有关间歇泉过程的以下基本问题：管道管道如何影响喷发的开始和间隔？喷发是从管道的顶部还是底部开始的？每次喷发有多少导管体积喷发？不可冷凝气体在火山喷发中起作用吗？哪些外部过程（如潮汐、气压变化、地震）和内部动力学（如前一次喷发的持续时间）会影响喷发的间隔和持续时间？间歇泉管道如何补给？蒸汽在何时何地形成？这个问题的答案可能会为引发地震活动和火山爆发提供新的见解。