Collaborative research: Origin of hydrologic responses to earthquakes: constraints from New Zealand, Taiwan, Chile, and USA

合作研究：地震水文响应的起源：新西兰、台湾、智利和美国的限制

• 批准号: 1344424
• 负责人: Michael Manga
• 金额: $ 29.56万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-15 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1344424&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Origin; hydrologic; responses

Earthquakes generate hydrological responses, such as increases in stream flow and changes in the water level in wells. Such hydrologic responses are important because they provide unique insight into the coupling of hydrologic and tectonic processes at spatial and temporal scales that are otherwise difficult to study. The origin of hydrologic responses to earthquakes has been the subject of controversy, in large part because there are many models to explain observations and few measurements suitable for distinguishing between hypotheses. We will study responses to earthquakes in New Zealand, Chile, Taiwan, and California to test competing hypotheses by 1) compiling observations, 2) collecting new measurements, and 3) developing analytical and numerical models to interpret the hydrological and related geodetic data. We will address the following questions: Does the excess discharge in streams originate from the shallow or deep subsurface? How do the response of deep and groundwater systems differ? Are there different and understandable responses of fracture-dominated rock and unconsolidated materials? Are there permanent changes in properties of the subsurface such as permeability? Are static or dynamic stresses more important for explaining the observed changes?This project offers an interdisciplinary training opportunity that integrates geophysics and hydrology, and combines modeling and field studies. The proposed work is an international collaboration with scientists in Taiwan, Germany and New Zealand. We will integrate the proposed research with courses taught at UC Berkeley, including freshman seminars, undergraduate-level geodynamics, and graduate level classes. The study of earthquake-induced hydrologic changes has implications for water resources and engineering, including assessing the role of earthquakes in damaging aquifers, affecting underground repositories, and changing water supplies.

地震会产生水文反应，如水流增加和水井水位变化。这种水文反应很重要，因为它们提供了在空间和时间尺度上对水文和构造过程耦合的独特洞察，否则很难研究这些过程。对地震的水文响应的起源一直是争议的主题，这在很大程度上是因为有许多模型来解释观测结果，而适合于区分假说的测量方法很少。我们将研究新西兰、智利、台湾和加利福尼亚州对地震的反应，通过1)汇编观测数据，2)收集新的测量数据，以及3)开发分析和数值模型来解释水文和相关的大地测量数据，以检验相互竞争的假设。我们将解决以下问题：溪流中的过量流量是来自浅层还是深层？深层系统和地下水系统的反应有何不同？裂隙为主的岩石和松散的材料有不同的和可以理解的反应吗？地下表面的性质是否有永久性的变化，如渗透性？对于解释观察到的变化，静态应力还是动态应力更重要？这个项目提供了一个将地球物理学和水文学相结合，并结合建模和实地研究的跨学科培训机会。这项拟议的工作是与台湾、德国和新西兰的科学家进行的国际合作。我们将把拟议的研究与加州大学伯克利分校教授的课程结合起来，包括新生研讨会、本科生水平的地球动力学和研究生水平的课程。对地震引起的水文变化的研究对水资源和工程有影响，包括评估地震在破坏含水层、影响地下水库和改变供水方面的作用。