Collaborative Research: Residual Stress Preserved in Crystals from Volcanic Eruptions

合作研究：火山喷发晶体中保存的残余应力

• 批准号: 1724469
• 负责人: Michael Manga
• 金额: $ 13.09万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1724469&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Residual; Stress; Preserved

Volcanic eruptions transport magma from reservoirs deep underground to the surface through conduits. Because volcanic processes occur underground, or are very dangerous to approach, many key aspects of volcanic eruptions are difficult to study with direct observations. Here, a new technology called synchrotron X-ray micro diffraction (microXRD) will be used to document deformation preserved in crystals that were transported within volcanic eruptions. The microXRD technique measures the amount of strain and preserved stress in the crystal lattice of those crystals. Volcanic stresses are important because they control eruption processes, including magma movement and explosivity. The first step to interpreting residual stress is to identify the specific processes that strain volcanic crystals. To this end, volcanic simulation experiments will be performed to deform crystals. MicroXRD will be used to analyze the experimental products and then compare results with natural crystals. This set of experiments and measurements will address the "How" and "Why" of volcanic eruptions. The standards and techniques developed in this project will enable application of microXRD to other disciplines, including Tectonics, Meteoritics, and Materials Science. The forces that act on magmas control volcanic processes. Consequently, crystals from volcanic eruptions are strained in the magma chamber, conduit, and during emplacement. Synchrotron X-ray micro diffraction (microXRD) will be used to quantify the magnitude of those strains by analyzing crystal lattice deformation with submicron spatial resolution on a suite of quartz, magnetite, and zircon crystals from the Long Valley and Yellowstone calderas. Measuring the magnitude of strains and using microstructure maps across crystals will reveal how strain is produced and preserved in crystals. Next, the preserved strains will be translated to causal stresses using the elastic constants of the mineral and Hooke's law. The goal is to quantify volcanic stresses in different volcanic environments and assess the forces and the time scales over which those forces act. MicroXRD has exceptional potential as an emerging technology in the geological sciences, but there is limited physical and theoretical infrastructure to interpret datasets. For this reason, high-temperature experiments will be performed to simulate stresses in volcanic environments using unstrained synthetic crystals, and assess the preservation of stress in strained natural crystals. Experimental products will be analyzed by microXRD and used to identify and/or eliminate sources of deformation.

火山喷发通过导管将岩浆从地下深处的水库运输到地面。 由于火山过程发生在地下，或者对接近非常危险，因此很难通过直接观察来研究火山喷发的许多关键方面。在这里，一种称为同步X射线微衍射（Microxrd）的新技术将用于记录在火山喷发中运输的晶体中保存的变形。 Microxrd技术测量了这些晶体晶格中应力和保留的应力量。火山应力很重要，因为它们控制着喷发过程，包括岩浆运动和爆炸性。解释残留应力的第一步是确定菌株火山晶体的特定过程。为此，将进行火山模拟实验以变形晶体。 Microxrd将用于分析实验产物，然后将结果与天然晶体进行比较。这套实验和测量将解决火山喷发的“如何”和“为什么”。该项目中开发的标准和技术将使Microxrd应用于其他学科，包括构造，气象和材料科学。 对岩浆控制火山过程的力量。因此，来自火山喷发的晶体在岩浆室，导管和安置过程中都紧张。同步子X射线微衍射（Microxrd）将用于通过在长谷和黄石岩石岩的石英，磁铁矿，磁铁矿和锆石晶体上分析晶体晶格变形，以分析晶体晶格变形，以量化这些菌株的大小。测量菌株的大小和在晶体之间使用微结构图的大小将揭示如何在晶体中产生和保存应变。接下来，使用矿物质和胡克定律的弹性常数将保存的菌株转化为因果应力。目的是量化不同火山环境中的火山应力，并评估这些力所作的力和时间尺度。 Microxrd在地质科学中具有出色的潜力，但物理和理论基础架构可以解释数据集。因此，将使用未训练的合成晶体进行高温实验，以模拟火山环境中的应力，并评估紧张的天然晶体中应激的保留。实验产品将通过Microxrd分析，并用于识别和/或消除变形源。

项目成果

Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals

• DOI: 10.1029/2019gl083619
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: K. Befus;M. Manga;C. Stan;N. Tamura

Multiscale Digital Porous Rock Reconstruction Using Template Matching

• DOI: 10.1029/2019wr025219
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Lin, W.;Li, X.;Wang, X.
• 通讯作者: Wang, X.

Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants

超级喷发石英晶体和空心折返体

• DOI: 10.1130/g46275.1
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Befus, Kenneth S.;Manga, Michael
• 通讯作者: Manga, Michael

Microlite orientation in obsidian flow measured by synchrotron X-ray diffraction

通过同步加速器 X 射线衍射测量黑曜石流中的微晶石方向

• DOI: 10.1007/s00410-018-1479-9
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Manga, Michael;Voltolini, Marco;Wenk, Hans-Rudolf
• 通讯作者: Wenk, Hans-Rudolf