Collaborative Research: Residual Stress Preserved in Crystals from Volcanic Eruptions

合作研究：火山喷发晶体中保存的残余应力

• 批准号: 1724469
• 负责人: Michael Manga
• 金额: $ 13.09万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1724469&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Residual; Stress; Preserved

Volcanic eruptions transport magma from reservoirs deep underground to the surface through conduits. Because volcanic processes occur underground, or are very dangerous to approach, many key aspects of volcanic eruptions are difficult to study with direct observations. Here, a new technology called synchrotron X-ray micro diffraction (microXRD) will be used to document deformation preserved in crystals that were transported within volcanic eruptions. The microXRD technique measures the amount of strain and preserved stress in the crystal lattice of those crystals. Volcanic stresses are important because they control eruption processes, including magma movement and explosivity. The first step to interpreting residual stress is to identify the specific processes that strain volcanic crystals. To this end, volcanic simulation experiments will be performed to deform crystals. MicroXRD will be used to analyze the experimental products and then compare results with natural crystals. This set of experiments and measurements will address the "How" and "Why" of volcanic eruptions. The standards and techniques developed in this project will enable application of microXRD to other disciplines, including Tectonics, Meteoritics, and Materials Science. The forces that act on magmas control volcanic processes. Consequently, crystals from volcanic eruptions are strained in the magma chamber, conduit, and during emplacement. Synchrotron X-ray micro diffraction (microXRD) will be used to quantify the magnitude of those strains by analyzing crystal lattice deformation with submicron spatial resolution on a suite of quartz, magnetite, and zircon crystals from the Long Valley and Yellowstone calderas. Measuring the magnitude of strains and using microstructure maps across crystals will reveal how strain is produced and preserved in crystals. Next, the preserved strains will be translated to causal stresses using the elastic constants of the mineral and Hooke's law. The goal is to quantify volcanic stresses in different volcanic environments and assess the forces and the time scales over which those forces act. MicroXRD has exceptional potential as an emerging technology in the geological sciences, but there is limited physical and theoretical infrastructure to interpret datasets. For this reason, high-temperature experiments will be performed to simulate stresses in volcanic environments using unstrained synthetic crystals, and assess the preservation of stress in strained natural crystals. Experimental products will be analyzed by microXRD and used to identify and/or eliminate sources of deformation.

火山喷发通过管道将岩浆从地下深处的储层输送到地表。 由于火山过程发生在地下，或者接近起来非常危险，因此很难通过直接观察来研究火山喷发的许多关键方面。在这里，一种名为同步加速器 X 射线微衍射 (microXRD) 的新技术将用于记录火山喷发过程中传输的晶体中保存的变形。显微 XRD 技术可测量这些晶体晶格中的应变量和保留应力。火山应力很重要，因为它们控制喷发过程，包括岩浆运动和爆炸。解释残余应力的第一步是确定火山晶体应变的具体过程。为此，将进行火山模拟实验以使晶体变形。 MicroXRD将用于分析实验产品，然后将结果与天然晶体进行比较。这组实验和测量将解决火山喷发的“方式”和“原因”。该项目开发的标准和技术将使微 XRD 应用于其他学科，包括构造学、陨石学和材料科学。 作用于岩浆的力控制火山过程。因此，火山喷发产生的晶体在岩浆室、管道中以及就位过程中受到拉紧。同步加速器 X 射线微衍射 (microXRD) 将用于通过以亚微米空间分辨率分析来自长谷和黄石破火山口的一组石英、磁铁矿和锆石晶体的晶格变形来量化这些应变的大小。测量应变的大小并使用晶体的微观结构图将揭示晶体中应变是如何产生和保存的。接下来，使用矿物的弹性常数和胡克定律将保留的应变转化为因果应力。目标是量化不同火山环境中的火山应力，并评估力量和这些力量作用的时间尺度。 MicroXRD 作为地质科学中的新兴技术具有非凡的潜力，但解释数据集的物理和理论基础设施有限。因此，将进行高温实验，使用未应变的合成晶体来模拟火山环境中的应力，并评估应变天然晶体中应力的保存情况。实验产品将通过显微 XRD 进行分析，并用于识别和/或消除变形源。

项目成果

Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals

• DOI: 10.1029/2019gl083619
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: K. Befus;M. Manga;C. Stan;N. Tamura

Multiscale Digital Porous Rock Reconstruction Using Template Matching

• DOI: 10.1029/2019wr025219
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Lin, W.;Li, X.;Wang, X.
• 通讯作者: Wang, X.

Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants

超级喷发石英晶体和空心折返体

• DOI: 10.1130/g46275.1
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Befus, Kenneth S.;Manga, Michael
• 通讯作者: Manga, Michael

Microlite orientation in obsidian flow measured by synchrotron X-ray diffraction

通过同步加速器 X 射线衍射测量黑曜石流中的微晶石方向

• DOI: 10.1007/s00410-018-1479-9
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Manga, Michael;Voltolini, Marco;Wenk, Hans-Rudolf
• 通讯作者: Wenk, Hans-Rudolf