Collaborative Research: Residual Stress Preserved in Crystals from Volcanic Eruptions

合作研究：火山喷发晶体中保存的残余应力

• 批准号: 1724469
• 负责人: Michael Manga
• 金额: $ 13.09万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1724469&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Residual; Stress; Preserved

Volcanic eruptions transport magma from reservoirs deep underground to the surface through conduits. Because volcanic processes occur underground, or are very dangerous to approach, many key aspects of volcanic eruptions are difficult to study with direct observations. Here, a new technology called synchrotron X-ray micro diffraction (microXRD) will be used to document deformation preserved in crystals that were transported within volcanic eruptions. The microXRD technique measures the amount of strain and preserved stress in the crystal lattice of those crystals. Volcanic stresses are important because they control eruption processes, including magma movement and explosivity. The first step to interpreting residual stress is to identify the specific processes that strain volcanic crystals. To this end, volcanic simulation experiments will be performed to deform crystals. MicroXRD will be used to analyze the experimental products and then compare results with natural crystals. This set of experiments and measurements will address the "How" and "Why" of volcanic eruptions. The standards and techniques developed in this project will enable application of microXRD to other disciplines, including Tectonics, Meteoritics, and Materials Science. The forces that act on magmas control volcanic processes. Consequently, crystals from volcanic eruptions are strained in the magma chamber, conduit, and during emplacement. Synchrotron X-ray micro diffraction (microXRD) will be used to quantify the magnitude of those strains by analyzing crystal lattice deformation with submicron spatial resolution on a suite of quartz, magnetite, and zircon crystals from the Long Valley and Yellowstone calderas. Measuring the magnitude of strains and using microstructure maps across crystals will reveal how strain is produced and preserved in crystals. Next, the preserved strains will be translated to causal stresses using the elastic constants of the mineral and Hooke's law. The goal is to quantify volcanic stresses in different volcanic environments and assess the forces and the time scales over which those forces act. MicroXRD has exceptional potential as an emerging technology in the geological sciences, but there is limited physical and theoretical infrastructure to interpret datasets. For this reason, high-temperature experiments will be performed to simulate stresses in volcanic environments using unstrained synthetic crystals, and assess the preservation of stress in strained natural crystals. Experimental products will be analyzed by microXRD and used to identify and/or eliminate sources of deformation.

火山爆发通过管道将岩浆从地下深处的储层输送到地表。因为火山过程发生在地下，或者接近非常危险，火山爆发的许多关键方面很难用直接观测来研究。在这里，一种名为同步加速器x射线微衍射（microXRD）的新技术将被用于记录火山爆发中运输的晶体中保存的变形。显微x射线衍射技术测量了这些晶体晶格中的应变量和保留应力。火山应力很重要，因为它们控制着喷发过程，包括岩浆运动和爆炸性。解释残余应力的第一步是确定使火山晶体应变的具体过程。为此，火山模拟实验将进行变形晶体。利用MicroXRD对实验产物进行分析，并与天然晶体进行对比。这组实验和测量将解决火山爆发的“如何”和“为什么”。该项目开发的标准和技术将使微xrd应用于其他学科，包括构造学、陨石学和材料科学。作用于岩浆的力控制着火山活动。因此，火山喷发的结晶在岩浆房、管道和就位期间被拉伸。同步加速器x射线微衍射（microXRD）将通过分析来自长谷和黄石火山口的石英、磁铁矿和锆石晶体的晶格变形，以亚微米空间分辨率来量化这些应变的大小。测量应变的大小和使用晶体的微观结构图将揭示应变是如何在晶体中产生和保存的。接下来，利用矿物的弹性常数和胡克定律，将保存的应变转换为因果应力。目标是量化不同火山环境下的火山压力，评估这些力量和这些力量作用的时间尺度。作为地质科学领域的一项新兴技术，微xrd具有非凡的潜力，但用于解释数据集的物理和理论基础设施有限。因此，将进行高温实验，利用未应变的合成晶体模拟火山环境中的应力，并评估应变的天然晶体中的应力保存情况。实验产品将通过微xrd进行分析，并用于识别和/或消除变形源。

项目成果

Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals

• DOI: 10.1029/2019gl083619
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: K. Befus;M. Manga;C. Stan;N. Tamura

Multiscale Digital Porous Rock Reconstruction Using Template Matching

• DOI: 10.1029/2019wr025219
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Lin, W.;Li, X.;Wang, X.
• 通讯作者: Wang, X.

Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants

超级喷发石英晶体和空心折返体

• DOI: 10.1130/g46275.1
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Befus, Kenneth S.;Manga, Michael
• 通讯作者: Manga, Michael

Microlite orientation in obsidian flow measured by synchrotron X-ray diffraction

通过同步加速器 X 射线衍射测量黑曜石流中的微晶石方向

• DOI: 10.1007/s00410-018-1479-9
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Manga, Michael;Voltolini, Marco;Wenk, Hans-Rudolf
• 通讯作者: Wenk, Hans-Rudolf