Manipulation of plant defenses by an insect-vectored virus

通过昆虫传播的病毒操纵植物防御

• 批准号: 1121788
• 负责人: Georg Jander
• 金额: $ 38.11万
• 依托单位: Boyce Thompson Institute Plant Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1121788&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Manipulation; plant; defenses; insect; vectored

Infections with some plant-pathogenic viruses not only make the host plants more attractive for aphids, but also increase the rate of aphid growth and reproduction. This may represent active manipulation of plant metabolism by viruses, which rely on insects for their transmission from one plant to another. However, although numerous studies have demonstrated altered aphid growth on virus-infected plants, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Research using Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), Myzus persicae (peach-potato aphid), and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a model system will be used to study the molecular biology of plant-aphid-virus interactions. Preliminary results show that Arabidopsis defense responses, which are normally turned on when aphids initiate feeding, are reduced in TuMV-infected plants. Further research will be directed at measuring virus-induced changes in plant metabolisms, identifying plant defense pathways that are manipulated by TuMV, and determining which of the eleven TuMV genes are required for shutting down anti-aphid defenses in Arabidopsis and other plant species.TuMV, which is commonly transmitted by green peach aphids, is a serious pathogen of vegetable crops. Virus control in agricultural systems is complicated by the propensity of peach-potato aphids to develop insecticide resistance, as well as TuMV reservoirs in Arabidopsis and other weed species. Research on the interactions of Arabidopsis, peach-potato aphids, and TuMV interactions, will identify previously unknown aspects of plant metabolism that contribute to aphid attraction and reproduction. Such information can be used to improve the insect and virus resistance of crop plants through classical breeding and transgenic approaches. The proposed project also will contribute to training a new generation of students in plant molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics. These students will be well-prepared for future careers in the plant biotechnology industry, academia, or government service.

一些植物病原病毒的侵染不仅能使寄主植物对蚜虫更具吸引力，而且能提高蚜虫的生长和繁殖速度。这可能代表病毒对植物新陈代谢的主动操纵，病毒依靠昆虫从一种植物传播到另一种植物。然而，尽管许多研究已经证明蚜虫在病毒感染的植物上的生长发生了改变，但对这种现象背后的分子机制知之甚少。利用拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）、桃蚜（Myzus persicae）和芜菁花叶病毒（TuMV）作为模型系统的研究将用于研究植物-蚜虫-病毒相互作用的分子生物学。初步结果表明，拟南芥防御反应，这是正常打开时，蚜虫开始进食，减少TuMV感染的植物。进一步的研究将致力于测量病毒诱导的植物代谢变化，鉴定TuMV操纵的植物防御途径，并确定11个TuMV基因中的哪些基因是关闭拟南芥和其他植物抗蚜虫防御所必需的。TuMV通常由绿色桃蚜传播，是蔬菜作物的严重病原体。农业系统中的病毒控制由于桃-马铃薯蚜虫发展杀虫剂抗性的倾向以及拟南芥和其他杂草物种中的TuMV水库而变得复杂。对拟南芥、桃-马铃薯蚜虫和TuMV相互作用的相互作用的研究，将确定以前未知的有助于蚜虫吸引和繁殖的植物代谢方面。这些信息可用于通过传统育种和转基因方法提高作物的抗虫性和抗病毒性。拟议的项目还将有助于培养新一代植物分子生物学、生物化学和遗传学学生。这些学生将为未来在植物生物技术行业，学术界或政府服务的职业生涯做好准备。