Joint NSF/ERA-CAPS: Mechanisms of Natural Variation in Maize Herbivore Resistance

NSF/ERA-CAPS 联合研究：玉米食草动物抗性自然变异的机制

• 批准号: 1339237
• 负责人: Georg Jander
• 金额: $ 65.06万
• 依托单位: Boyce Thompson Institute Plant Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-15 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1339237&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Joint; NSF; ERA; CAPS; Mechanisms

PI: Georg Jander (Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research)Senior Personnel: Tiffany Fleming (Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research)ERA-CAPS collaborators: Matthias Erb (University of Bern, Switzerland), Monika Frey (Technical University of Munich, Germany), Inge Fomsgaard (Aarhus University, Denmark), and Jurriaan Ton (University of Sheffield, United Kingdom)Maize (Zea mays), the world's most productive grain crop, is attacked by more than 90 species of insect herbivores. Although there is wide variation in maize resistance to herbivory, very little is known about the underlying genetic basis of these differences among maize cultivars. Genetic mapping, transcript profiling, insect bioassays, and biochemical approaches will be used to identify maize herbivore resistance genes. A particular focus area of this project will be the identification of biosynthetic and regulatory genes contributing to the production and transport of benzoxazinoids, a class of secondary metabolites with important defensive functions in maize, wheat, rye, wild barley, and other grasses. Research involving maize benzoxazinoid metabolism will provide a tractable model system for studying these agriculturally and ecologically important plant metabolites. Genetic mapping using a panel of diverse maize inbred lines will identify novel genes contributing to aphid and caterpillar resistance. Given the wide array of pests and pathogens against which maize plants protect themselves, there are likely to be interactions among the identified defense pathways. Defensive synergies and tradeoffs will be detected by comparing the genomic locations and biochemical functions of the identified maize genes that contribute to natural variation in herbivore resistance. This project will lead to the identification of previously unknown maize genes that influence plant-herbivore interactions. Potential metabolic limitations and tradeoffs in maize defense against different classes of insect herbivores will be documented. It is anticipated that these expected results will open up new opportunities for using molecular breeding and transgenic approaches to improve herbivore resistance in maize, the most important agricultural crop in the United States. Research conducted through this project will help to train a new generation of students and postdocs for future careers in academia, industry, or government service. International research exchanges with the European ERA-CAPS (http://www.eracaps.org/) companion project entitled "Biosynthesis, transport and exudation of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones as determinants of plant biotic interactions (BENZEX)" will enhance the training of students and postdocs. Experiments involving maize-herbivore interactions will be fully integrated into an established education and outreach program at the Boyce Thompson Institute. Undergraduate students from throughout the United States will be recruited to be part of a ten-week summer internship program. In one-week training sessions, biology teachers from under-resourced schools will develop new plant science modules for their classes. Experimental kits for conducting caterpillar-feeding assays in local science classrooms will not only provide students with hands-on research experience, but also generate new information about the mechanisms of maize defense against insect herbivory. All data and resources generated through this project will be publicly accessible. A major output of this project will be a publicly available toolkit for studying the role of benzoxazinoids in maize defense against herbivores and pathogens. Seeds of near-isogenic lines and mutants will be deposited in the Maize Genetics Cooperation stock center, DNA clones will be available upon request and assay methods will be published in scientific journals. All DNA sequences will be deposited in public databases such as the NCBI SRA, Gramene, and MaizeGDB. Metabolite and metabolomics data will be deposited at METLIN (http://metlin.scripps.edu/). Education and outreach materials will be published and available for use via the Boyce Thompson Institute website (http://bti.cornell.edu/education/).

PI：Georg Jander（Boyce Thompson植物研究研究所）高级人员：Tiffany Fleming（Boyce Thompson植物研究所）时代合作者：Matthias Erb（瑞士伯恩大学），莫妮卡·弗雷（Monika Frey），德国技术大学） （Zea Mays）是世界上最有生产力的谷物作物，受到90多种昆虫食草动物的攻击。尽管玉米对草食性的抗性存在很大差异，但对于玉米品种中这些差异的基本遗传基础知之甚少。遗传学映射，成绩单分析，昆虫生物测定和生化方法将用于鉴定玉米草食动物抗性基因。该项目的一个特定重点领域将是鉴定有助于苯唑唑烷类动物生产和运输的生物合成和调节基因，这是一类二级代谢产物，在玉米，小麦，小麦，麦芽汁，野生大麦和其他草中具有重要的防御功能。涉及玉米苯唑嗪代谢的研究将为研究这些农业和生态上重要的植物代谢物提供可进行的模型系统。使用一系列不同玉米植物线的遗传图将确定有助于蚜虫和毛毛虫耐药性的新基因。鉴于玉米植物保护自身的各种害虫和病原体，可能在已确定的防御途径之间存在相互作用。通过比较确定的玉米基因的基因组位置和生化功能，将检测到防御性的协同作用和权衡，从而有助于草食动物抗性自然变化。 该项目将导致鉴定出影响植物性植物相互作用的先前未知的玉米基因。将记录玉米对不同类别的昆虫食草动物的潜在代谢限制和权衡。预计这些预期的结果将为使用分子育种和转基因方法开辟新的机会，以改善玉米中最重要的农作物农作物的草食动物耐药性。通过该项目进行的研究将有助于培训新一代的学生和博士后，以实现学术界，工业或政府服务的未来职业。国际研究与欧洲ERA-CAPS（http://www.eracaps.org/）伴侣项目的题为“生物合成，运输和渗出1,4-苯并毒素3-酮作为植物生物互动（Benzex）的决定因素（Benzex）”将增强学生和后Docs的培训。 涉及玉米毒互动互动的实验将完全集成到博伊斯·汤普森学院的既定教育和外展计划中。来自美国各地的本科生将被招募为为期十周的暑期实习计划的一部分。在为期一周的培训课程中，资源不足学校的生物学老师将为他们的课程开发新的植物科学模块。在当地科学教室中进行毛毛虫喂养测定法的实验套件不仅会为学生提供动手研究经验，而且还会生成有关玉米防御昆虫食草动物的机制的新信息。 通过该项目生成的所有数据和资源将公开访问。 该项目的主要产出将是一个公开可用的工具包，用于研究苯唑烷素在针对草食动物和病原体的玉米防御中的作用。近乎遗传线和突变体的种子将沉积在玉米遗传学合作中心，DNA克隆将根据要求提供，分析方法将在科学期刊上发表。 所有DNA序列都将存放在公共数据库中，例如NCBI SRA，Gramene和MaizeGDB。代谢物和代谢组学数据将存放在Metlin（http://metlin.scripps.edu/）上。教育和外展材料将出版并可通过Boyce Thompson Institute网站（http://bti.cornell.edu/education/）使用。