METABOLOMICS: Identification of inducible bioactive plant metabolites

代谢组学：诱导型生物活性植物代谢物的鉴定

• 批准号: 1139329
• 负责人: Georg Jander
• 金额: $ 49.87万
• 依托单位: Boyce Thompson Institute Plant Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1139329&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: METABOLOMICS; Identification; inducible; bioactive; plant

METABOLOMICS: Identification of Inducible Bioactive Plant Metabolites Japan: Yutaka Okumoto, Naoki Mori, and Naoko Yoshinaga (Kyoto University) USA: Georg Jander (Boyce Thompson Institute); Eric Schmelz and Alisa Huffaker (USDA-ARS)Intellectual Merit: Plants produce an enormous variety of toxic and deterrent metabolites to protect themselves against pathogens and herbivores. These chemical defenses include well-studied molecules like caffeine in coffee and capsaicin in hot peppers. However, less than 10% of the metabolites in any given plant species have been identified. Many defense-related compounds are absent in non-stressed plants, but accumulate locally to very high levels following attack. The targeted identification of these small molecules, which accumulate in response to infection or herbivory, will result in the discovery previously unknown plant defenses. In the current project, defense-induced metabolites will be identified in four well-studied plant species, maize, soybean, rice and Arabidopsis. By focusing on these key species, it will be possible to make use of well-developed genetic tools and an extensive body of prior research to speed the discovery genes and pathways that are required for the synthesis of previously unknown plant metabolites. The defensive functions of the newly identified plant genes and metabolites will be confirmed with insect and pathogen bioassays.Broader Impacts: Analysis of induced defenses in plants will lead to the identification of previously unknown molecules that have practical applications in the control of pests and diseases. A mechanistic understanding of natural plant defenses will enable targeted trait improvements that reduce energy inputs and the use of agricultural chemicals, which are required when cultivating plants for food, animal feed, and biofuel production. Interactions between American and Japanese scientists will be enhanced through this highly collaborative research project. Samples for analysis will be exchanged between research teams, scientists from the US will receive training in Japan, and undergraduate students from Japan will participate in a well-established undergraduate research program at the Boyce Thompson Institute. A new generation of plant scientists will be prepared for future careers in academia, industry, and government service.

代谢组学：鉴定可诱导的生物活性植物代谢物日本：Yutaka Okumoto、Naoki Mori和Naoko Yoshinaga(京都大学)美国：Georg Jander(博伊斯·汤普森研究所)；Eric Schmelz和Alisa Huffaker(美国农业部-ARS)智力优点：植物产生大量有毒和威慑的代谢物，以保护自己免受病原体和食草动物的伤害。这些化学防御包括咖啡中的咖啡因和辣椒中的辣椒素等经过充分研究的分子。然而，在任何给定的植物物种中，只有不到10%的代谢物被鉴定出来。许多与防御相关的化合物在非胁迫植物中不存在，但在受到攻击后在局部积累到非常高的水平。对这些小分子的定向鉴定将导致以前未知的植物防御机制的发现。这些小分子在对感染或草食的反应中积累起来。在目前的项目中，将在玉米、大豆、水稻和拟南芥这四个研究较好的植物物种中鉴定防御诱导的代谢物。通过将重点放在这些关键物种上，将有可能利用成熟的遗传工具和大量的先前研究来加快发现合成以前未知的植物代谢物所需的基因和途径。新发现的植物基因和代谢产物的防御功能将通过昆虫和病原体的生物检测得到证实。更广泛的影响：对植物诱导防御的分析将导致识别以前未知的分子，这些分子在病虫害控制中具有实际应用。对自然植物防御的机械性理解将使有针对性的性状改进能够减少能量投入和农用化学品的使用，这是种植用于食品、动物饲料和生物燃料生产的植物所必需的。通过这一高度合作的研究项目，美国和日本科学家之间的互动将得到加强。用于分析的样本将在研究团队之间交换，来自美国的科学家将在日本接受培训，来自日本的本科生将参加博伊斯·汤普森研究所一个成熟的本科生研究项目。新一代植物科学家将为未来在学术界、工业和政府服务领域的职业生涯做好准备。