Determination of phosphate froms in soils and detection of uranium, thorium and chromium (VI) in P-fertilisers by raman and synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy

磷是所有生命形式的基本元素。它是代谢过程（ADP/ATP）所必需的，是DNA的一个组成部分。因此，磷在化肥工业中以磷酸盐的形式加入。以前使用的是磷矿肥料。在磷矿资源日益减少的今天，从废水中回收磷肥作为一种磷肥源显得越来越重要。在这个研究项目中，土壤中的磷酸盐形态将通过微拉曼和同步辐射红外微光谱分析，以便在未来实现更好的资源节约施肥模式。此外，为了改善这些肥料的肥效，将澄清循环磷酸盐的肥料-土壤反应。这项研究的结果将具有重要意义，因为土壤中转化产物的形式以及肥料的磷酸盐形式对植物的健康生长至关重要。这项研究对依赖磷酸盐的农业做出了贡献，通过使用从当地废水处理厂回收的肥料，使其更加独立于磷矿销售国家。与新的可循环磷酸盐相比，以岩石为基础的磷肥含有铀、钍，有时还含有铬（VI），这些有毒元素可以通过食物链进入人体。为了鉴定这些元素的化合物，快速分析方法是必要的，这些方法将在振动光谱的基础上发展。

Phosphorus is an essential element of all life forms. It is necessary for the metabolism process (ADP/ATP) and is a component of DNA. For this reason phosphorus is inserted in the form of phosphates in the fertiliser industry. Previously, phosphate rock based fertilisers were used. Nowadays, with decreasing phosphate rock resources, recycling-phosphate fertilisers from wastewater are of increasing importance as a phosphate source. In this research project phosphate forms in soils will be analysed by micro-Raman and synchrotron radiation infrared micro spectroscopy to enable a better resource-conserving mode of fertilisation in the future. Furthermore, the fertiliser-soil reactions of recycling phosphates will be clarified in order to improve the fertilisation properties of these fertilisers. The outcomes of this research will be of importance because the form of the transformed products in soil as well as the phosphate form of the fertiliser is important for the healthy growth of plants. This research makes a contribution to phosphate dependent agriculture becoming more independent of the phosphate rock selling countries by the use of recycling fertilisers from local wastewater treatment plants. In contrast to the new recycling phosphates rock based phosphate fertilisers contain uranium, thorium and sometimes chromium (VI), which are toxic elements that can reach the human body over the food chain. To identify compounds of these elements rapid analysis methods are necessary and these will be developed in the project on the basis of vibrational spectroscopy.