Determination of phosphate froms in soils and detection of uranium, thorium and chromium (VI) in P-fertilisers by raman and synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy

磷是所有生命形式的基本元素。它是代谢过程（ADP/ATP）所必需的，是DNA的组成部分。因此，在化肥工业中，磷以磷酸盐的形式存在。以前，使用磷酸盐岩为基础的肥料。在磷矿资源日益减少的今天，从废水中回收磷肥作为磷源越来越重要。在本研究项目中，将通过显微拉曼和同步辐射红外显微光谱分析土壤中的磷酸盐形式，以在未来实现更好的资源节约施肥模式。此外，将澄清回收磷酸盐的肥料-土壤反应，以改善这些肥料的施肥性能。这项研究的结果将是重要的，因为土壤中转化产物的形式以及肥料的磷酸盐形式对植物的健康生长很重要。这项研究通过使用当地污水处理厂的回收肥料，为依赖磷酸盐的农业变得更加独立于磷矿石销售国做出了贡献。与新的回收磷酸盐相比，基于岩石的磷肥含有铀，钍，有时还含有铬（VI），这些都是有毒元素，可以通过食物链到达人体。为了确定这些元素的化合物，需要快速分析方法，这些方法将在振动光谱学的基础上在项目中开发。

Phosphorus is an essential element of all life forms. It is necessary for the metabolism process (ADP/ATP) and is a component of DNA. For this reason phosphorus is inserted in the form of phosphates in the fertiliser industry. Previously, phosphate rock based fertilisers were used. Nowadays, with decreasing phosphate rock resources, recycling-phosphate fertilisers from wastewater are of increasing importance as a phosphate source. In this research project phosphate forms in soils will be analysed by micro-Raman and synchrotron radiation infrared micro spectroscopy to enable a better resource-conserving mode of fertilisation in the future. Furthermore, the fertiliser-soil reactions of recycling phosphates will be clarified in order to improve the fertilisation properties of these fertilisers. The outcomes of this research will be of importance because the form of the transformed products in soil as well as the phosphate form of the fertiliser is important for the healthy growth of plants. This research makes a contribution to phosphate dependent agriculture becoming more independent of the phosphate rock selling countries by the use of recycling fertilisers from local wastewater treatment plants. In contrast to the new recycling phosphates rock based phosphate fertilisers contain uranium, thorium and sometimes chromium (VI), which are toxic elements that can reach the human body over the food chain. To identify compounds of these elements rapid analysis methods are necessary and these will be developed in the project on the basis of vibrational spectroscopy.