The Revenge Motive: Understanding Public Bellicosity and Closure in a Post-9/11 World

复仇动机：理解 9/11 后世界中的公众好战和封闭

• 批准号: 1139869
• 负责人: Linda Skitka
• 金额: $ 7万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1139869&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Revenge; Motive; Understanding; Public; Bellicosity

Although some would argue that American's support for the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars has been based on increased needs for security in a post-9/11 world, there is also evidence that public support for these wars has been more deeply rooted in needs for retribution and vengeance. Which explanation accounts for support for U.S. involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq has important theoretical and practical implications. This research empirically tests competing hypotheses about what Osama bin Laden's (OBL's) death means to U.S. citizens, with a particular focus on the implications of his death for people's policy preferences with respect to continued American military involvement in the Middle East. OBL's death is a watershed moment and opportunity to study (a) how people cope with terrorist attacks, (b) the role that needs for and achieving vengeance play in Americans' public policy preferences, and (c) how important vengeful motives are relative to other concerns such as security, incapacitation, and deterrence. The participants for this study are a subsample of approximately 7,000 individuals who completed surveys in either 2001 or 2003 that included measures of desires for revenge/vengeance for the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Although a great deal of time has passed since the initial surveys, the advantages of returning to these participants are numerous, including not having to rely on retrospective accounts of how vengeful people felt in the more immediate aftermath of 9/11, and the ability to more firmly establish that proposed causes (e.g., post-9/11 needs for vengeance and support for an expanded war against terrorism) preceded the proposed effects (e.g., a sense of "mission accomplished" at the death of OBL). This study adds to the still limited knowledge of how Americans respond to terrorist threats, and the full post-attack consequences of terrorist attacks for public opinion and policy preferences. This RAPID proposal fulfills the NSF RAPID funding criterion of the need for urgent support as well as the other funding criteria of intellectual merit and broader impacts. NSF reviewed this proposal internally.

虽然有些人会认为，美国对阿富汗和伊拉克战争的支持是基于9/11后世界对安全需求的增加，但也有证据表明，公众对这些战争的支持更深地植根于报复和复仇的需求。支持美国介入阿富汗和伊拉克的解释具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究实证检验了关于奥萨马·本·拉登（OBL）死亡对美国公民意味着什么的相互竞争的假设，特别关注他的死亡对美国继续军事介入中东的政策偏好的影响。OBL的死是一个分水岭时刻和机会，研究（a）人们如何科普恐怖袭击，（B）需要和实现复仇在美国人的公共政策偏好中发挥的作用，以及（c）相对于安全，丧失能力和威慑等其他问题，复仇动机有多重要。这项研究的参与者是在2001年或2003年完成调查的大约7,000人的子样本，其中包括对2001年9月11日世界贸易中心和五角大楼恐怖袭击的报复/复仇欲望的测量。虽然自最初的调查以来已经过去了很长一段时间，但返回这些参与者的好处是很多的，包括不必依赖于人们在9/11事件发生后立即感受到的痛苦的回顾性叙述，以及能够更坚定地确定所提出的原因（例如，9/11后的复仇需求和对扩大的反恐战争的支持）先于所提出的效果（例如，在OBL去世时的“使命完成”感）。这项研究增加了对美国人如何应对恐怖主义威胁的仍然有限的了解，以及恐怖袭击对公众舆论和政策偏好的全部袭击后后果。该RAPID提案符合NSF RAPID资助标准，即需要紧急支持，以及知识价值和更广泛影响的其他资助标准。NSF在内部审查了该提案。