Morphology: how does it vary and what does it reveal about evolution? Ontogenetic and phylogenetic variation in extant brachiopod crura and loops
形态学:它如何变化以及它揭示了进化的什么?
基本信息
- 批准号:1147537
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 22.86万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2012
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2012-07-01 至 2017-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Morphology? how does it vary and what does it reveal about evolution? Ontogenetic and phylogenetic variation in extant brachiopod crura and loopsAbstract Organism shape is the medium through which the underlying genetic makeup of the organism interacts with the environment. Only by studying shape and how and why it varies, can evolutionary biologists begin to understand the product of underlying genes/environment interaction. Because shape is the primary source of heritable information from extinct (no longer living) organisms, paleontologists assume that the boundaries of shape variation correspond closely to clades (evolutionary entities), as implied by the hierarchy of rank-based taxa. This assumption is seldom tested. This research project will test the clade status of taxa recognized in extant Brachiopoda, one of the most paleontologically significant metazoan groups in terms of diversity and abundance for over half a billion years. Roughly 95% of species are extinct; with the 5% of rhynchonellide and terebratulide brachiopod species extant (still living), we have a rare opportunity (1) to test molecular and morphological phylogenies at different hierarchical levels, never before attempted for this clade; (2) to compare the size and shape of functionally significant features, primarily features called crura and loops, among adults within and among species, and across growth stages; (3) to use this information to produce quantitative comparisons among adults and growth stages in crura and loops, and place the growth transformations in an evolutionary context informed by both shape and molecules. If paleontologists cannot reliably distinguish evolutionarily informative from significantly misleading shape variation, evolutionary interpretations drawn from the observed variation are fundamentally untestable. The results of this study on living brachiopods can have profound implications for macroevolutionary interpretations derived from taxonomic data on any group of extinct metazoans, in revealing problems associated with uncritically accepting untested assumptions of homology (shared common ancestry of features). Analyses will be conducted on representative species of all living rhynchonellide and terebratulidine genera, and all lving terebratellidine genera for which molecular sequences have been made available, using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Growth variation in crura and loops will be quantified using geometric shape analysis on 3D images obtained from microCT scans of calcareous lophophore supports in living brachiopods. Growth character polarity in crural and loop development will be compared with phylogenetic polarity using outgroup analysis. Tree comparison methods will be utilized to evaluate patterns of qualitative and quantitative morphological character distribution, and to compare results from molecular and morphological analyses. Total evidence analyses will also be conducted and compared with those derived from morphology alone and molecular sequence data alone. Although the word brachiopod is not a household word, as is clam or snail, brachiopods provide an excellent opportunity to study changes in morphology over lifespans and lineages, with enormous extinct diversity preserved in the fossil record and a smaller, more manageable diversity living today. This research project will contribute to the education of undergraduate and graduate students through coursework in evolutionary biology and paleontology at UC Davis, and will support the training and mentoring of a female graduate student and female post-doctoral researcher. We will take advantage of opportunities to share our research results with the public at Picnic Day (a UC Davis campus-wide annual open house) and the Explorit Science Center (City of Davis). Three-dimensional images of brachiopods will be fully accessible on a website created to share the visual results of our research. We are beginning to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the development and evolution of morphology in vertebrate animals, yet our understanding of evolutionary morphology across a much more diverse array of marine invertebrate animals lags well behind. Our research will strive to introduce and explain a portion of the fascinating paleobiological complexity of one group of marine invertebrates to the general public, and engage the public in discussions about the nature of evolution: recognizing, characterizing, and interpreting change over time.
形态学?它有何变化?它揭示了进化的哪些信息?现存腕足动物脚和环的个体发育和系统发育变异摘要生物体的形状是生物体潜在的遗传组成与环境相互作用的媒介。 只有通过研究形状以及形状如何变化以及为什么变化,进化生物学家才能开始理解潜在的基因/环境相互作用的产物。 由于形状是灭绝(不再生存)生物体的可遗传信息的主要来源,古生物学家假设形状变化的边界与分支(进化实体)密切对应,正如基于等级的分类群层次所暗示的那样。 这一假设很少得到验证。 该研究项目将测试现存腕足动物中公认的分类群的分支地位,腕足动物是5亿多年来在多样性和丰度方面最具古生物学意义的后生动物群之一。 大约95%的物种已经灭绝; 5%的rhynchonellide和terebratulide腕足动物物种现存(仍然活着),我们有一个难得的机会(1)在不同的层次水平上测试分子和形态的同源性,以前从未尝试过这个分支;(2)比较功能上重要的特征的大小和形状,主要是称为脚和环的特征,(3)利用这些信息对足和环中的成体和生长阶段进行定量比较,并将生长转变置于由形状和分子所告知的进化背景中。如果古生物学家不能可靠地区分进化信息和明显误导的形状变化,那么从观察到的变化中得出的进化解释从根本上是不可检验的。这项研究的结果对生活腕足动物可以有深远的影响,宏观进化的解释来自任何组灭绝后生动物的分类数据,在揭示相关的问题,不加批判地接受未经检验的假设同源性(共享共同祖先的功能)。将进行分析的代表性物种的所有生活rhynchonellide和terebratulidine属,所有生活terebratellidine属的分子序列已提供,使用简约和贝叶斯分析。 在脚和环的生长变化将量化使用的3D图像从microCT扫描的钙质lophophophophore支持在活腕足动物的几何形状分析。 在脚和环发展的增长特征极性将比较系统发育极性使用外群分析。 树比较方法将被用来评估定性和定量形态特征分布的模式,并比较分子和形态分析的结果。 还将进行总证据分析,并与仅从形态学和仅从分子序列数据得出的结果进行比较。 虽然腕足动物这个词不是一个家喻户晓的词,就像蛤或蜗牛一样,腕足动物提供了一个很好的机会来研究生命周期和谱系的形态变化,化石记录中保存了巨大的灭绝多样性,以及今天生活的较小,更易于管理的多样性。 该研究项目将通过加州大学戴维斯分校的进化生物学和古生物学课程为本科生和研究生的教育做出贡献,并将支持女研究生和女博士后研究员的培训和指导。 我们将利用机会在野餐日(加州大学戴维斯分校校园范围内的年度开放日)和探索科学中心(戴维斯市)与公众分享我们的研究成果。 腕足动物的三维图像将完全可以在一个网站上访问,该网站旨在分享我们研究的视觉结果。我们开始对脊椎动物形态的发展和进化有了更深入的了解,但我们对更多样化的海洋无脊椎动物进化形态的理解却远远落后。 我们的研究将努力向公众介绍和解释一组海洋无脊椎动物的迷人古生物学复杂性的一部分,并让公众参与关于进化性质的讨论:识别,表征和解释随时间的变化。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(7)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Brachiopod phylogenomics: implications for the evolutionary history of biomineralization and the Cambrian explosion
腕足动物系统发育组学:对生物矿化和寒武纪大爆发进化史的影响
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2019
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Butler, A. D.;Eitel, M.;Wörheide, G.;Carlson, S.J.;Sperling, E.A.
- 通讯作者:Sperling, E.A.
The role of ontogenetic transformations in the loop in the classification and phylogeny of Terebratellidina (Brachiopoda)
环中个体发生转化在腕足动物分类和系统发育中的作用
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2019
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Carlson, S.J.;López Carranza, N.;Butler, A.D.;Bapst, D.W.;Sperling, E.A.
- 通讯作者:Sperling, E.A.
Terebratulina: is 81 species too many?
Terebratulina:81个物种太多了吗?
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2017
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Carlson, S. J.;Bapst, D. W.;Robinson, J. H.;Rudman, E. A.;Lopez-Carranza, N.
- 通讯作者:Lopez-Carranza, N.
Testing species designations in extant and fossil Laqueus (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) through the quantitative analysis of shell outlines and machine learning
通过对贝壳轮廓和机器学习的定量分析,测试现存和化石 Laqueus(腕足动物、Terebratulida)的物种名称
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2019
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:López Carranza, N.;Carlson, S.J.
- 通讯作者:Carlson, S.J.
Quantifying variability and understanding species delimitation: a case study integrating morphological and genetic datasets in terebratulide brachiopods
量化变异性和理解物种界限:整合特雷布拉图利德腕足动物形态和遗传数据集的案例研究
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2018
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:López Carranza, N.;Carlson, S. J.
- 通讯作者:Carlson, S. J.
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Sandra Carlson其他文献
COVID-19 symptomatic community illness, hospitalization, and death burden across all ages — New South Wales, Australia, May 2021–July 2022
- DOI:
10.1186/s12889-025-22021-x - 发表时间:
2025-03-28 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.600
- 作者:
Kelsey M. Sumner;Sandra Carlson;Benjamin Elton;Michelle Butler;Janaki Amin;Melissa A. Rolfes;Carrie Reed;A. Danielle Iuliano;David J. Muscatello;Craig Dalton - 通讯作者:
Craig Dalton
Sandra Carlson的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Sandra Carlson', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: EAGER: The early evolution of lamp shells and relatives (brachiopods) using an integrated approach combining genomics and fossils
合作研究:EAGER:使用基因组学和化石相结合的综合方法研究灯壳及其亲戚(腕足动物)的早期进化
- 批准号:
1747704 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The UC Davis Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program
加州大学戴维斯分校罗伯特·诺伊斯教师奖学金计划
- 批准号:
1035355 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Examining Origination, Extinction, and Recovery in Terebratulide Brachiopods: The Integration of Phylogeny, Morphometrics, and Biogeography
合作研究:检查 Terebratulide 腕足动物的起源、灭绝和恢复:系统发育、形态计量学和生物地理学的整合
- 批准号:
0229897 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Investigating Heterochrony in the Fossil Record: A Geochemical, Morphometric, and Phylogenetic Study of Thecideidina (Brachiopoda), Triassic-Recent.
调查化石记录中的异时性:三叠纪-近代 Thecideidina(腕足动物)的地球化学、形态测量和系统发育研究。
- 批准号:
9902984 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Dissertation Research: The Effect of Stratocladistics on the Phylogenetic Analysis of Nassariine Gastropods
论文研究:层层学对 Nassariine 腹足动物系统发育分析的影响
- 批准号:
9701745 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Documenting the Early Diagenetic History of Articulate Brachiopods Using Transmission Electron Microscopy
使用透射电子显微镜记录关节腕足动物的早期成岩历史
- 批准号:
9628364 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Spire-bearing Articulate Brachiopods
尖顶关节腕足动物之间的系统发育关系
- 批准号:
9221452 - 财政年份:1993
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Workshop on: "Biotic Turnover Examined in a Phylogenetic Context" PS/SVP Symposium at GSA; San Diego, CA; October 23, 1991
研讨会:GSA 的“系统发育背景下的生物周转检查”PS/SVP 研讨会;
- 批准号:
9115589 - 财政年份:1991
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
REU/RIA: Reconstructing Articulate Brachiopod Phylogeny: Relevance to Hypotheses of Adaptation and Heterochrony
REU/RIA:重建关节腕足动物系统发育:与适应和异时性假设的相关性
- 批准号:
8717424 - 财政年份:1988
- 资助金额:
$ 22.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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