RAPID: Capturing Ongoing Volcanic Inflation at Santorini Caldera, Greece

圣托里尼火山口位于爱琴海南部，是一个非常发达、非常活跃的火山系统的一部分，它是由希腊弧的俯冲作用推动的，希腊弧是人类历史上最大的火山爆发（约公元前1650年）。在火山口内经历了大约50年的相对地震平静期和多年的基本零变形测量后，火山最近以指数级增长的膨胀信号重新苏醒。该项目将部署RAPID GPS活动，升级当前的连续GPS网络，并包括安装2个新的连续站，以捕获通货膨胀的时间依赖性。这是一个RAPID项目，因为变形信号确实在迅速演变，并且可能在未来几个月继续呈非线性发展。该信号对于理解流变控制至关重要，目前有限的连续数据无法充分约束该信号。在冬季来临之前，设备的安装和更新是必不可少的，因为目前的偏远地区由于太阳能电池板不足，在阴天占主导地位的情况下，需要长时间停机。通过该实验获得的数据将有助于评估火山口正在发生的变形，进而用于确定压力源的几何形状和精确位置。演化的时间特征对于识别系统如何发展是必要的。同时，它将提供一个窗口，以了解对源起反应的流变结构，并最终决定喷发的可能性。这些信息对于提高我们对火山喷发动力学的理解是非常宝贵的，并且是一些非常年轻的火山口系统的第一批此类信息。这项研究的直接影响超出了火山大地测量界，因为连续的GPS数据将作为一个指标，因此是一个警告工具，有助于减轻危害。由于所有连续的数据都将通过联安援助团立即向公众提供，其他团体将可以利用这些数据来满足独立的科学、危害或教育需要。

Santorini Caldera, in the southern Aegean, is part of a well developed, and very activevolcanic system fueled by subduction along the Hellenic arc that is responsible for the largestvolcanic eruption in human history (~1650 B.C.). After a long period of approximately 50 yearsof relative seismic quiescence within the caldera and years of measuring essentially zerodeformation, the volcano has recently reawakened with an exponentially increasing inflationsignal. This project will deploy a RAPID GPS campaign, upgrade the current continuous GPSnetwork, and includes installation of 2 new continuous stations to capture the time-dependence of inflation.This is a RAPID project because the deformational signal is indeed rapidly evolving, and may continue to proceed non-linearly in the coming months. This signal is essential for understanding the rheologic controls, and will not be sufficiently constrained with the limited continuous data that we currently have. Installation and updating of equipment is essential before the winter months, as the current remote sites currently go down for extended periods because of insufficient solar panels for the dominantly overcast skies.Data obtained through this experiment will be useful for evaluating the ongoing deformation at the Caldera, and in turn, be use for identifying the geometry and precise location of the pressure source. The evolving temporal signature is necessary for identifying how the system develops. As well, it will give a window into the rheologic structure that reacts to the source, and ultimately dictates the likelihood of eruption. The information is invaluable for improving our understanding of eruption dynamics, and is some of the first such information for a very young caldera systemThis research has immediate impact beyond the volcano geodesy community as the continuous GPS data will serve as an indicator, and thus warning tool, useful for hazard mitigation. Because all continuous data will be immediately available to the public through UNAVCO, other groups will have access to utilizing it for independent scientific, hazard, or educational needs.