Influence of organism-scale turbulence on the predatory impacts of a suite of cnidarian medusae

生物尺度湍流对刺胞动物水母的捕食影响的影响

• 批准号: 1155084
• 负责人: Kelly Sutherland
• 金额: $ 30.4万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1155084&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Influence; organism; scale; turbulence; predatory

Bloom-forming jellyfish are increasing in number, frequency and magnitude, in part due to anthropogenic impacts, underscoring a need for enhanced understanding of trophic exchanges in jellyfish-dominated ecosystems. Interactions between jellyfish and their prey are driven by morphology, behavior, and unique fluid signatures that result in species-specific prey selection patterns. Fluid signatures generated by predators entrain prey, and motile prey organisms have evolved to sense and respond to these stereotyped fluid signatures. The shape and coherence of these unique fluid signatures are strongly mediated by turbulence, which is ubiquitous in the ocean. Yet, the effects of turbulence are almost always neglected in feeding studies. This three-year project will investigate the influence of turbulence on predator-prey interactions using a suite of cnidarian hydromedusae with unique morphologies, fluid signatures and prey selection patterns collected in the region of Friday Harbor Laboratory, WA. Intellectual Merit: This project seeks to establish a detailed, mechanistic understanding of the effects of turbulence on organism-scale predator-prey interactions using gelatinous zooplankton predators with contrasting predation modes. The PI will investigate prey selection under varying levels of turbulence by studying swimming behavior, wake structure, and predator-prey interactions in a laboratory turbulence generator designed for fragile plankton. The PI will also make in situ measurements of turbulence and observations of organism behavior using a Self-contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA). This is a fully submersible instrument for flow visualization, and its use will provide a cross-calibration of field and laboratory rates and behaviors. The influence of turbulence on trophic position among the different species of hydromedusae will be quantified through field studies of prey selection patterns. The proposed comparative approach using species with distinct predation modes will provide insights applicable to other planktonic predators that can be similarly grouped.Broader impacts: Two undergraduate students will receive mentoring and training, and will be recruited through a COSEE program aimed at under-represented groups in community colleges. Students will learn advanced flow visualization techniques and strategies for working with fragile plankton but will more generally gain an increased understanding of the marine environment and an increased awareness of career opportunities in marine sciences. The PI will reach out to the public through the COSEE Oregon Coast Master Naturalist Program by teaching local volunteers current knowledge about the biology and ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Plans are also underway to include images and research findings in a book about jellyfish authored by a science writer and geared to a general audience.

形成绽放的水母的数量，频率和幅度的增加，部分原因是人为影响，强调需要增强对水母为主的生态系统中营养交换的理解。水母与猎物之间的相互作用是由形态，行为和独特的流体特征驱动的，这些液体特征会导致物种特定的猎物选择模式。 捕食者捕获的捕食者产生的流体特征和流动的猎物生物已经演变为感知并响应这些定型的流体特征。这些独特的流体特征的形状和连贯性是由湍流强烈介导的，湍流在海洋中无处不在。然而，在喂养研究中，湍流的影响几乎总是忽略了。这个为期三年的项目将使用一套在周五港口实验室地区收集的独特形态，流体签名和猎物选择模式，研究湍流对掠夺者捕食者相互作用的影响。知识分子的优点：该项目旨在建立对湍流对有机体尺度捕食者捕食者相互作用的影响的详细，机械理解，该影响使用具有对比捕食模式的凝胶状浮游动物捕食者。 PI将通过研究专为脆弱浮游生物设计的实验室湍流发生器中的游泳行为，唤醒结构和捕食者 - 捕集剂相互作用来调查不同水平的湍流中的猎物选择。 PI还将使用一个独立的水下速度测定设备（SCUVA）对湍流进行原位测量。 这是一种完全可视化的可视化仪器，其使用将提供现场和实验室速率和行为的交叉校准。 湍流对不同种类的Hydromusae中营养位置的影响将通过猎物选择模式的现场研究来量化。 提出的使用具有不同捕食模式的物种的比较方法将提供适用于其他可以分组的浮游捕食者的见解。Broader的影响：两名本科生将接受指导和培训，并将通过旨在通过社区学院占代表性群体的Cosee计划招募。学生将学习与脆弱的浮游生物合作的高级流动可视化技术和策略，但通常会更加了解海洋环境，并提高人们对海洋科学职业机会的认识。 PI将通过教授当地志愿者有关凝胶状浮游生物的生物学和生态学的知识，通过俄勒冈州俄勒冈海岸的自然主义者计划与公众联系。还在计划中，将图像和研究结果包括在一本关于由科学作家撰写的水母的书中，并致力于普通观众。