Collaborative Research: Comparative feeding by gelatinous grazers on microbial prey

合作研究：凝胶状食草动物对微生物猎物的比较喂养

基本信息

批准号：
1851537
负责人：
Kelly Sutherland
金额：
$ 39.67万
依托单位：
University of Oregon Eugene
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1851537&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Comparative feeding gelatinous

项目摘要

The oceans are dominated by microscopic plants and animals (microorganisms) that are at the base of the food web and drive energy and carbon cycles on global scales. Soft jellylike animals called gelatinous grazers specialize in feeding on microorganisms using nets made out of mucus. Gelatinous grazers are abundant in the ocean and have high feeding rates on microorganisms so could have a very strong influence on the abundance and diversity of microorganisms and could change how oceanic food webs are currently understood. However, gelatinous grazers are very fragile and patchy in their distributions so it has been difficult to determine the magnitude and dynamics of these important predator-prey relationships on a meaningful scale using traditional approaches, thus they have typically been disregarded in food web studies. Learning more about the predator-prey relationship between gelatinous grazers and microorganisms will improve understanding of the structure, mechanics, and dynamics of the ocean?s food web, which is a critical economic and ecosystem resource on Earth. This project is determining grazing rates by gelatinous animals on microbes to inform food web models. The project also trains students to communicate, disseminate, and interpret scientific findings. These broader impacts goals will be attained through partnerships at the University of Oregon (Applied Scientific Communication) and Portland State University (Advanced Technical Writing), training of 1 PhD student, 2 undergraduates, and 4 science communication interns, and development of a week-long workshop and establish student mentorship relationships towards production of communication products.The project integrates laboratory and oceanographic approaches to address several specific aspects of the predator-prey relationship between gelatinous grazers and ocean microorganisms. Five distinct types of gelatinous grazers, each with different feeding morphologies and life history, will be studied in an oceanographic setting with an abundant and diverse natural microbial population. These target organisms include pelagic tunicates (salps, appendicularians, doliolods and pyrosomes) and thecosome pteropods. The approach quantifies: 1) grazing rates in the natural ocean environment, 2) particle selectivity with a focus on size and shape and, 3) the morphological and hydrodynamic properties of feeding that underlie the measured grazing rates and particle selection. The project uses a variety of techniques including sampling via SCUBA diving, laboratory experiments, high speed/high resolution videography, flow cytometry, and DNA sequencing techniques.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋以微观动植物（微生物）为主，它们位于食物网的底部，并在全球尺度上驱动能量和碳周期。柔软的果冻般的动物称为凝胶状放牧者，专门使用用粘液制成的网喂养微生物。凝胶状放牧者在海洋中很丰富，对微生物的喂养率很高，因此可能对微生物的丰富性和多样性产生非常强烈的影响，并且可以改变目前了解海洋食品网的方式。但是，凝胶状放牧者的分布非常脆弱和斑驳，因此很难使用传统方法在有意义的规模上确定这些重要的捕食者 - 捕食关系的大小和动态，因此通常在食品网络研究中被忽略了。了解有关凝胶状放牧者与微生物之间捕食者 - 捕食关系的更多信息，将改善对海洋食品网的结构，力学和动态的理解，这是地球上的关键经济和生态系统资源。该项目正在确定胶质动物在微生物上的放牧率，以告知食物网络模型。该项目还培训学生进行沟通，传播和解释科学发现。这些更广泛的影响目标将通过俄勒冈大学（应用科学沟通）和波特兰州立大学（高级技术写作），1名Phd学生，2名本科生和4个科学沟通实习生的培训以及建立为期一周的工作坊的培训，并建立与派出产品的几个特定方面的派定方面的工具之间的徒步组织，并建立了与派定的方面相互联系，并建立了一周的学生教师关系，从而实现了这些更广泛的影响目标。海洋微生物。将在海洋学环境中研究五种不同类型的胶状放牧者，每种植物的饲喂形态和生活史将具有不同的自然微生物种群。这些靶向生物包括上层外膜（salp，阑尾，doliolods和Prolosomes）和thecosom pteropods。该方法量化：1）在自然海洋环境中放牧速率，2）颗粒选择性，重点是尺寸和形状，3）饲料的形态和流体动力学特性是测量的放牧速率和颗粒选择的基础。该项目使用各种技术，包括通过水肺潜水进行采样，实验室实验，高速/高分辨率摄影，流式细胞术和DNA测序技术。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来进行支持的。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Fine-scale vertical distribution and diel migrations of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the northern California Current

北加州洋流中大西洋火虫的细尺度垂直分布和昼夜迁移

DOI：
10.1093/plankt/fbac006
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Journal of Plankton Research
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Lyle, Joanna T.;Cowen, Robert K.;Sponaugle, Su;Sutherland, Kelly R.;Koski, ed., Marja
通讯作者：
Koski, ed., Marja

Differential clearance rates of microbial phylotypes by four appendicularian species

四种阑尾物种微生物系统发育的差异清除率

DOI：
10.3354/meps14233
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Marine Ecology Progress Series
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Dadon-Pilosof, A;Conley, K;Lombard, F;Sutherland, KR;Genin, A;Richter, M;Glöckner, FO;Yahel, G
通讯作者：
Yahel, G

Pelagic tunicate grazing on marine microbes revealed by integrative approaches

综合方法揭示了中上层被囊动物对海洋微生物的吃草