Collaborative Research: PLANKTON SIZE SPECTRA AND TROPHIC LINKS IN A DYNAMIC OCEAN

合作研究：动态海洋中的浮游生物大小光谱和营养关系

• 批准号: 2125408
• 负责人: Kelly Sutherland
• 金额: $ 34.94万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2125408&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; PLANKTON; SIZE; SPECTRA

Marine plankton form the base of most ocean food webs that support valuable fisheries. This highly diverse and complex community is composed of organisms that drift with ocean currents. Planktonic organisms remain understudied: they are difficult to sample given that their sizes span more than six orders of magnitude from less than one micron to meters. Yet, understanding how these communities respond to climate change, and ultimately how these responses affect valuable fisheries, and therefore food security, is critical. Because many ecological and physiological processes are dictated by relative size, the theory of size spectra (i.e., the relationship between size and organism abundance as it drives ecosystem properties such as food webs) provides a valuable framework for forecasting climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. A deeper understanding of the scope and nature of variability in size spectra under contrasting environmental conditions is needed. The dynamic, highly productive northern California Current off Oregon and Washington, during the summer and winter seasons, produces a patchwork of oceanographic conditions including those associated with hypoxia and ocean acidification. This study is sampling the plankton communities in this region to investigate how gradients of temperature, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and pH conditions impact size spectra. The broader impacts include the training of students, building scientific resources, and outreach to broader communities. Undergraduate and graduate students are being trained in oceanography, field research and new technologies. The automated image analysis pipeline developed as part of the project is openly accessible to the oceanographic community and the image data are available through the novel Global Plankton Imagery Library, an open-access repository for plankton imagery. Size spectra data from this study are shared directly with ecosystem modelers. The project’s flagship outreach activity is the collaboration with the Sitka Center for Art and Ecology and the hosting of an Artist-At-Sea Program. A professional artist is competitively selected to join the research cruises and to create artistic products that give a unique voice to oceanographic research and the organisms under study. The artwork is being assembled into a traveling public Art Exhibit with planned displays at the Sitka Center, Oregon State University’s Hatfield Marine Science Center, University of Oregon’s Charleston Marine Life Center and centers located in underserved coastal communities. Finally, imagery data from the project are being shared via the Plankton Portal, a public website developed in partnership with the Citizen Science Alliance’s Zooniverse, that invites citizen scientists to participate in classifying plankton images.The coupling of in situ plankton imagery and morphometric data allows quantifying scales of variation in plankton size spectra as well as testing predictions of how changes in environmental conditions (notably, temperature, nutrients, oxygen, pH) correlate with shifts in size spectra to reveal functional consequences to the food web. Plankton size spectra are being compared across environmental conditions by sampling in a habitat with steep environmental gradients and during two contrasting seasons. Planktonic organisms spanning 10 orders of magnitude in biomass are sampled using two complementary high-resolution imaging systems: the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) and the Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) particle imager. High-throughput image analysis software is used to create size distributions together with taxonomic classification. Depth-discrete meso-zooplankton samples are collected in parallel to examine community shifts in carbon, obtain length-to-carbon conversions and calibrate image data. The normalized biomass size spectra computed from the image data are tested for deviations from expected patterns. The plankton collections are also being analyzed for diet and reproductive status of gelatinous zooplankton, and diet and daily growth rate of representative larval fishes. These two groups have been historically understudied yet play central roles in ecosystem function. The data are being used to examine how these organisms are impacted by environmental conditions, and how they affect plankton size spectra. This study is foundational to the understanding of marine ecosystems within the context of climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋浮游生物构成了支持宝贵渔业的大多数海洋食品网的基础。这个高度多样而复杂的社区由随着洋流漂移的生物组成。浮游生物的生物仍然对：它们的大小超过六个数量级，从少于一微米到米，它们很难采样。然而，了解这些社区如何应对气候变化，最终这些反应如何影响宝贵的渔业，因此如何影响粮食安全。由于许多生态和物理过程取决于相对大小，因此大小光谱的理论（即，在驱动诸如食品网等生态系统属性（例如食物网）的大小和组织丰度之间的关系）为预测气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响提供了宝贵的框架。需要更深入地了解在对比的环境条件下尺寸光谱的范围和性质。在夏季和冬季，动态，高效的北加州北加州当前的北加州和华盛顿季节会产生海洋学条件的拼布，包括与缺氧和海洋酸化相关的疾病。这项研究是在该地区的浮游生物群落中取样，以研究温度，营养，溶解氧和pH条件的梯度如何影响尺寸光谱。更广泛的影响包括对学生的培训，建立科学资源以及向更广泛的社区进行宣传。本科生和研究生正在接受海洋学，现场研究和新技术的培训。作为项目的一部分开发的自动图像分析管道可公开访问海洋学社区，图像数据可通过新颖的Global Plankton图像库获得，这是一个用于浮游生物图像的开放访问存储库。这项研究的尺寸光谱数据直接与生态系统共享。项目的旗舰外展活动是与Sitka艺术与生态中心的合作以及Artist-AT-SEA计划的托管。一位专业艺术家被选中加入研究巡游，并创建艺术产品，为海洋研究和正在研究的生物提供独特的声音。该艺术品正在俄勒冈州立大学的Hatfield海洋科学中心，俄勒冈大学的Charleston Marine Life Center和位于服务欠佳的沿海社区中的中心举行的旅行公共艺术展览会，并在Sitka中心举行计划展示。最后，该项目的图像数据是通过与公民科学联盟的模具工艺合作开发的公共网站的浮游生物门户网站共享的，该网站邀请公民科学家参与对浮游生物的图像进行分类。原位浮游生物图像的耦合。营养素，氧，pH）与大小光谱的变化相关，以揭示食物网的功能后果。通过在具有蒸汽环境梯度的栖息地和两个对比季节的栖息地中进行采样，正在比较浮游生物的大小光谱。使用两个完整的高分辨率成像系统对生物量的10个数量级的浮游生物进行采样：原位鱼粉成像系统（ISIIS）和激光原位散射和透射术（Lisst）粒子成像剂。高通量图像分析软件用于创建尺寸分布以及分类学分类。深度 - 二氧化物中的中龙团体样本与碳的检查社区转移并行收集，获得长度至碳转换并校准图像数据。根据图像数据计算出的归一化生物量尺寸光谱已测试与预期模式的偏离。浮游生物收集也正在分析中，以分析凝胶浮游生物的饮食和复制状态，饮食以及代表性幼虫鱼的每日生长速度。这两个小组在历史上已经理解了，但在生态系统功能中起着核心作用。这些数据用于检查这些生物如何受到环境条件的影响，以及它们如何影响浮游生物的大小光谱。这项研究是在气候变化背景下理解海洋生态系统的基础。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准，被视为通过评估来获得宝贵的支持。

项目成果

Growth and diet of a larval myctophid across distinct upwelling regimes in the California Current

加利福尼亚洋流不同上升流区的菌蚜幼虫的生长和饮食

• DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsad070
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: ICES Journal of Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Swieca, K.;Sponaugle, S.;Schmid, M. S.;Ivory, J.;Corrales-Ugalde, M.;Sutherland, K. R.;Cowen, R. K.;Smolinski, ed., Szymon
• 通讯作者: Smolinski, ed., Szymon