Collaborative Research, WSC-Category 2: Regional Climate Variability and Patterns of Urban Development - Impacts on the Urban Water Cycle and Nutrient Export

合作研究，WSC-类别 2：区域气候变化和城市发展模式 - 对城市水循环和养分输出的影响

• 批准号: 1160961
• 负责人: H. Allen Klaiber
• 金额: $ 28.16万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1160961&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; WSC; Category; Regional

PI # 1: Welty, ClaireProposal Number: 1058038Institution: University of Maryland Baltimore CountyPI # 2: Smith, James A.Proposal Number: 1058027Institution: Princeton University PI # 3: Irwin, Elena G.Proposal Number: 1058059Institution: Ohio State UniversityPI # 4: Klaiber, H. AllenProposal Number: 1058064Institution: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park PI # 5: Towe, CharlesProposal Number: 1058101Institution: University of Maryland College ParkPI # 6: Groffman, Peter M.Proposal Number: 1058162Institution: Institute of Ecosystem StudiesPI # 7: Gold, ArthurProposal Number: 1058194Institution: University of Rhode IslandPI # 8: Kaushal, SujayProposal Number: 1058502Institution: University of Maryland College ParkIntellectual MeritThe goal of the proposed work is to evaluate the interactions between urban development patterns and the hydrologic cycle and its associated nutrient cycles, within the context of regional and local climate variability. The paradigm driving this research is that dynamic interactions between the natural and human components of the urbanizing landscape produce striking spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in water storage and fluxes that are major determinants of water quantity and quality. Their specific objective is to create a modeling system capable of simulating the feedback relationships that control urban water sustainability.They propose to address the following research questions: (1) How do human locational choices, water-based ecosystem services, and regulatory policies affect the supply of land and pattern of development over time? (2) How do the changing composition and variability of urbanizing surfaces affect local and regional climate? (3) How do patterns of development (including the engineered water system) and climate variability affect fluxes, flow paths and storage of water and nitrogen in urban areas?The proposed work will integrate theories and models across the disciplines of hydrologic science, environmental engineering, biogeochemistry, and economics. Core elements include spatial modeling of urban development patterns and individual land use and location processes at parcel and neighborhood scales and for different policy scenarios; three-dimensional modeling of coupled surface water/groundwater and land surface-atmospheric systems at multiple scales (including consideration of the engineered water system), where development patterns are incorporated as input; and field work and modeling aimed at quantifying flow paths and fluxes of water and nitrogen in this system.They will use the Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER (http://beslter.org), as a platform for place-based research to carry out the proposed work. In doing so, they will take advantage of a 12-year database of hydrologic and chemical characterization data; high-resolution land-cover, land use, and socio-demographic information; and a high-density hydrologic observing system.Broader ImpactsThis project will contribute to the education and professional development of over 20 undergraduate students, seven PhD students, and three post-doctoral associates at the partner institutions supported by the project. In addition, it is expected that data produced by this project can be used in dissertation research by a number of other graduate students affiliated with the BES LTER, whose expertise spans environmental engineering, hydrology, biogeochemistry, aquatic ecology, urban and environmental economics, and public policy. New modeling capabilities will enable us to broaden the scope of training and research opportunities provided to students at all levels. New instrumentation will contribute to the growth of infrastructure capabilities of the LTER as a resource for the scientific community.Their work involves frequent communications with local agency decision-makers involved with planning and implementing programs affecting land use and water resources, e.g., Baltimore City Department of Public Works, Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management, Maryland Department of the Environment, and the EPA Chesapeake Bay Program. Modeling tools such as the ones proposed are very much needed to support decision-making associated with water resource management. The BES LTER has an active and extensive environmental education program working with Baltimore City and County school systems; data derived from LTER-related research projects in the Baltimore area, such as the one proposed will be used in this LTER-supported program.

PI # 1：Welty, Claire 提案编号：1058038 机构：马里兰大学巴尔的摩县 PI # 2：Smith, James A.提案编号：1058027 机构：普林斯顿大学 PI # 3：Irwin, Elena G.提案编号：1058059 机构：俄亥俄州立大学 PI # 4：Klaiber, H. Allen提案数量： 1058064 机构：宾夕法尼亚州立大学公园 PI # 5：Towe, Charles 提案编号：1058101 机构：马里兰大学学院公园 PI # 6：Groffman, Peter M.提案编号：1058162 机构：生态系统研究所 PI # 7：Gold, Arthur 提案编号：1058194 机构：罗德大学 IslandPI # 8：Kaushal，Sujay 提案编号：1058502 机构：马里兰大学学院公园分校 智力优势 拟议工作的目标是在区域和当地气候变化的背景下评估城市发展模式与水文循环及其相关养分循环之间的相互作用。推动这项研究的范式是，城市化景观的自然和人类组成部分之间的动态相互作用产生了水储存和通量的显着空间异质性和时间变异性，这是水量和水质的主要决定因素。他们的具体目标是创建一个能够模拟控制城市水可持续性的反馈关系的建模系统。他们建议解决以下研究问题：（1）随着时间的推移，人类区位选择、基于水的生态系统服务和监管政策如何影响土地供应和发展模式？ (2) 城市化表面的组成和变化的变化如何影响当地和区域气候？ （3）发展模式（包括工程水系统）和气候变化如何影响城市地区水和氮的通量、流动路径和储存？拟议的工作将整合水文科学、环境工程、生物地球化学和经济学等学科的理论和模型。核心要素包括城市发展模式的空间建模以及宗地和社区规模以及不同政策情景下的个体土地利用和选址过程；多尺度耦合地表水/地下水和陆地表面-大气系统的三维建模（包括考虑工程水系统），其中将开发模式作为输入；他们将使用巴尔的摩生态系统研究 LTER (http://beslter.org) 作为基于地方的研究平台来开展拟议的工作。在此过程中，他们将利用 12 年的水文和化学特征数据数据库；高分辨率土地覆盖、土地利用和社会人口统计信息；和高密度水文观测系统。 更广泛的影响 该项目将为该项目支持的合作机构的 20 多名本科生、七名博士生和三名博士后的教育和专业发展做出贡献。此外，预计该项目产生的数据可以供 BES LTER 附属的许多其他研究生用于论文研究，这些研究生的专业知识涵盖环境工程、水文学、生物地球化学、水生生态学、城市和环境经济学以及公共政策。新的建模功能将使我们能够扩大为各个级别的学生提供的培训和研究机会的范围。新仪器将有助于 LTER 作为科学界资源的基础设施能力的增长。他们的工作涉及与参与规划和实施影响土地利用和水资源的计划的当地机构决策者的频繁沟通，例如巴尔的摩市公共工程部、巴尔的摩县环境保护和资源管理部、马里兰州环境部和 EPA 切萨皮克湾计划。非常需要诸如所提议的建模工具来支持与水资源管理相关的决策。 BES LTER 与巴尔的摩市和县学校系统合作开展了积极而广泛的环境教育计划；来自巴尔的摩地区 LTER 相关研究项目的数据，例如提议的数据将用于这一 LTER 支持的计划。