NSF NPGI Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2012

2012 财年 NSF NPGI 生物学博士后奖学金

• 批准号: 1202803
• 负责人: Rachel Meyer
• 金额: $ 19.59万
• 依托单位: Meyer Rachel S
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-10-15 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1202803&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; NPGI; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology

This action funds a National Plant Genome Initiative Postdoctoral Research Fellowship for FY 2012. The fellowship supports a research and training plan in a host laboratory for the Fellow to focus their studies in plant genomics with an emphasis on quantitative genetics, modern breeding approaches, and bioinformatics. The title of the research and training plan for this fellowship to Rachel S. Meyer is "Selection for Salt Tolerance in African Rice (Oryza Glaberrima) in Indigenous Riverine Agricultural Habitats of Western Africa". The host institution for the fellowship is New York University and the sponsoring scientist is Dr. Michael Purugganan. One major factor limiting worldwide crop production is high salinity, which affects 50% of global irrigated land area. Farmers in the Atlantic Coast region stretching from Senegal to Liberia plant indigenous crops that are tolerant to saline conditions. This project focuses on one such crop that is a major staple: African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). O. glaberrima is irrigated by rivers with a conspicuous salinity gradient. Thus, the agricultural system developed for O. glaberrima implies that varieties have been arranged with matched fitness to local saline levels. However, farmers also practice agriculture in unique ways including dyking of mangrove swamps, soil overturning, and sometimes desalination, which spurs several critical questions. How has the O. glaberrima genome been modified to tolerate salinity? To what extent do specific agricultural practices play a role in the ability of O. glaberrima to be cultivated in saline environments? Is it geographic characteristics or cultural practices that guide selection for this crop? To address these questions, the genomes of 100 germplasm accessions from three agricultural river systems will be surveyed in order to build a SNP map for O. glaberrima and identify DNA regions that distinguish germplasm from saline coastal versus freshwater inland environments. Interviews will be conducted to gather information about land conditions, farming techniques, and community roles in seed trading along these rivers. DNA sequence data will be correlated with the salinity at collection locales, culturally specific agricultural practices, and salt injury tests. Results will connect aspects of human innovation to agroecology and selective crop breeding, while specifically addressing challenges faced by a need to practice agriculture on areas of high salinity. Training objectives include data management of entire genomes and population analyses, in-depth agroecological analysis, and cross-training between NYU and international institutions. Broader impacts include include capacity-building and advanced training for students from the United States to engage in interdisciplinary research in plant improvement and associated sciences such as physiology, quantitative genetics, and computational biology. Outreach activities include training workshops in West Africa and other countries to enhance utility of genome sequence generated and use of agroecological data to design tools to help farmers, and K-12 DNA barcoding mentoring.

该行动为2012财年的国家植物基因组计划博士后研究奖学金提供资金。该研究金支持在一个宿主实验室的研究和培训计划，使研究员将研究重点放在植物基因组学上，重点是数量遗传学，现代育种方法和生物信息学。本奖学金的研究和培训计划的标题是雷切尔·S。Meyer是“非洲水稻（Oryza Glaberrima）在西非土著河流农业区的耐盐性选择”。 该研究金的主办机构是纽约大学，赞助科学家是Michael Purugganan博士。 限制全球农作物生产的一个主要因素是高盐度，它影响了全球50%的灌溉土地面积。从塞内加尔到利比里亚的大西洋沿岸地区的农民种植耐盐碱的本土作物。 该项目的重点是一种主要的主食作物：非洲水稻。O. glaberrima由具有明显盐度梯度的河流灌溉。因此，O. glaberrima意味着品种的排列与当地的盐含量相匹配。然而，农民也以独特的方式从事农业，包括红树林沼泽的堤坝，土壤翻转，有时海水淡化，这引发了几个关键问题。O怎么样glaberrima基因组被修改以耐受盐度？具体的农业措施在多大程度上影响了O.在盐水环境中栽培的光果藤是地理特征还是文化习俗指导了这种作物的选择？ 为了解决这些问题，我们将对来自三个农业河流系统的100份种质进行基因组调查，以构建O。glaberrima，并确定DNA区域，区分种质盐沿海与淡水内陆环境。将进行访谈，以收集有关土地条件，耕作技术，以及社区在这些河流沿着种子交易中的作用的信息。DNA序列数据将与收集地点的盐度、特定文化的农业实践和盐害测试相关。研究结果将把人类创新的各个方面与农业生态学和选择性作物育种联系起来，同时专门解决在高盐度地区开展农业所面临的挑战。培训目标包括整个基因组和人口分析的数据管理，深入的农业生态分析，以及纽约大学和国际机构之间的交叉培训。更广泛的影响包括为美国学生提供能力建设和高级培训，以从事植物改良和相关科学（如生理学，定量遗传学和计算生物学）的跨学科研究。 外联活动包括在西非和其他国家举办培训讲习班，以提高所产生的基因组序列的效用，利用农业生态数据设计工具，帮助农民，并提供K-12 DNA条形码指导。

项目成果

Tracing ancestor rice of Suriname Maroons back to its African origin

• DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.149
• 发表时间: 2016-10
• 期刊: Nature Plants
• 影响因子: 18
• 作者: Tinde van Andel;Tinde van Andel;Rachel S. Meyer;S. Aflitos;J. Carney;Margaretha A. Veltman;D. Copetti;J. Flowers;J. Flowers;R. Havinga;H. Maat;M. Purugganan;M. Purugganan;R. Wing;R. Wing;M. Schranz

Domestication history and geographical adaptation inferred from a SNP map of African rice

• DOI: 10.1038/ng.3633
• 发表时间: 2016-09-01
• 期刊: NATURE GENETICS
• 影响因子: 30.8
• 作者: Meyer, Rachel S.;Choi, Jae Young;Purugganan, Michael D.
• 通讯作者: Purugganan, Michael D.