Hurricane Wind Load Monitoring for Coastal Infrastructure

收集陆地登陆飓风期间住宅屋顶的全尺寸动态风压对于确定如何经济有效地减少飓风造成的破坏非常重要。风洞技术已被用于小尺度模型的风压测量。这些压力需要与实际大风事件中收集的真实结构数据相关联。本研究旨在研究飓风登陆时住宅屋顶风荷载的精确测量方法。一个独立的便携式屋顶压力监测系统正在研制中。该项目的目标是完成传感器组装、进行控制实验、开发统计算法以验证收集到的数据，以及将基础技术扩展到风速数据收集。这项研究将促进有关极端天气事件中家庭所经历的风压的基本知识。对这种风荷载的明确理解将对开发减轻风损害的方法产生重大影响。参与该项目的学生将获得传感器技术、结构和飓风工程方面的经验。拟议的研究将解决在陆地登陆飓风期间复杂形状的全尺寸住宅结构的动态风荷载的表征和建模。边界层风洞的比例模型试验是推导ASCE 7风荷载规定中适当设计风荷载的重要工具。人们对风洞模拟能否准确确定强风事件的峰值荷载提出了质疑，强调需要将风洞与全尺寸荷载进行比较。这是一个重要的问题，可以改变目前对整个飓风易发的美国沿海地区住宅建筑的风脆弱性的认识。开发了一种独立的便携式屋顶压力监测系统，用于在陆地登陆飓风期间快速部署和收集屋顶压力数据。同一结构上多个单元的数据采集是同步的，以量化空间相关性和总风荷载。在某些流动状态下，单个单元的物理剖面可能会干扰被测量的动压力。这些场景将在受控的实验室环境中通过实验确定，并开发后处理算法来评估传感器记录的哪些部分应该保留以供分析。为压力测量单元开发的基础技术将适应与风速计的接口，以便在地面飓风中表征横向长度尺度。建议的现场全尺寸数据收集需要评估风荷载建模和规范设计荷载。有了这些知识，就有可能为沿海基础设施的可持续性和未来发展建立一个风险一致的框架。

The collection of full-scale dynamic wind pressure on residential roofs during land falling hurricanes is important for determining how to cost effectively reduce damage in hurricanes. Wind tunnel technology has been used for wind pressure measurements on small scale models. These pressures need to be correlated with data collected on real structures in actual high wind events. The proposed research pursues the means to accurately measure wind loads on the roofs of residential buildings during land falling hurricanes. A self-contained portable roof pressure monitoring system is under development. The objectives of the project are to finalize the sensor assembly, to conduct controlled experiments, to develop statistical algorithms to validate the collected data, and to extend the underpinning technology to wind velocity data collection. The research will advance basic knowledge concerning the wind pressures experienced by homes during extreme weather events. A well-defined understanding of such wind loads will have major implications on the development of methods to mitigate wind damage. Students working on the project will gain experience in sensor technology, and in structural and hurricane engineering. The proposed research will address the characterization and modeling of dynamic wind loads on complex shaped full-scale residential structures during land falling hurricanes. Scale model tests in boundary layer wind tunnels have been an important tool for the derivation of appropriate design wind loads found in the ASCE 7 Wind Load Provisions. Questions have been raised concerning the ability of wind tunnel simulations to accurately determine peak loads from strong wind events, emphasizing the need to compare wind tunnel with full-scale loads. This is a significant issue that can alter the current knowledge of the wind vulnerability of residential construction along the entire hurricane prone U.S. coast. A self-contained portable roof pressure monitoring system has been developed for rapid deployment and collection of roof pressure data during land falling hurricanes. Data collection among multiple units on the same structure is synchronized to quantify spatial correlation and aggregate wind loads. The physical profile of the individual units may interfere with the dynamic pressure being measured in some flow regimes. These scenarios will be identified experimentally in a controlled laboratory environment, and post-processing algorithms developed to evaluate which portions of sensor records should be retained for analysis. The underpinning technology developed for the pressure measuring units will be adapted to interface with anemometers in order to characterize lateral length scales in ground-level hurricane winds. The proposed full-scale data collection in the field is needed to evaluate wind load modeling and prescriptive design loads. With this knowledge, a risk-consistent framework for the sustainability and future development of the coastal infrastructure will be possible.