Hurricane Wind Load Monitoring for Coastal Infrastructure

在飓风落地期间收集住宅屋顶上的全尺寸动态风压，对于确定如何以经济有效的方式减少飓风造成的损害非常重要。风洞技术已被用于小比例模型的风压测量。这些压力需要与在实际大风事件中收集的真实结构的数据相关联。这项拟议的研究追求的是在登陆飓风期间准确测量住宅楼屋顶上的风荷载的方法。一个自给自足的便携式顶板压力监测系统正在开发中。该项目的目标是最终确定传感器组件，进行受控实验，开发统计算法来验证收集的数据，并将支撑技术扩展到风速数据收集。这项研究将促进有关家庭在极端天气事件中经历的风压的基本知识。对这类风荷载的明确理解将对开发减轻风害的方法产生重大影响。参与该项目的学生将获得传感器技术以及结构和飓风工程方面的经验。这项拟议的研究将解决在登陆飓风期间复杂形状的全尺寸住宅结构上的动态风荷载的特征和建模。边界层风洞中的缩尺模型试验一直是ASCE7风荷载规定中适当设计风荷载推导的重要工具。人们对风洞模拟从强风事件中准确确定峰值载荷的能力提出了质疑，强调需要将风洞与全尺寸载荷进行比较。这是一个重要的问题，可能会改变目前对整个飓风频发的美国海岸沿线住宅建筑的风力脆弱性的认识。开发了一套自给自足的便携式顶板压力监测系统，用于快速部署和收集登陆飓风期间的顶板压力数据。同一结构上的多个单元之间的数据收集是同步的，以量化空间相关性和聚合风荷载。个别单元的物理轮廓可能会干扰在某些流型下测量的动态压力。这些情景将在受控的实验室环境中进行实验识别，并开发后处理算法来评估传感器记录的哪些部分应被保留以供分析。为压力测量单元开发的支撑技术将与风速计接口，以表征地面飓风风的横向长度尺度。为了评估风荷载模型和规定的设计荷载，需要在现场进行拟议的全面数据收集。有了这些知识，就有可能为沿海基础设施的可持续性和未来发展制定一个风险一致的框架。

The collection of full-scale dynamic wind pressure on residential roofs during land falling hurricanes is important for determining how to cost effectively reduce damage in hurricanes. Wind tunnel technology has been used for wind pressure measurements on small scale models. These pressures need to be correlated with data collected on real structures in actual high wind events. The proposed research pursues the means to accurately measure wind loads on the roofs of residential buildings during land falling hurricanes. A self-contained portable roof pressure monitoring system is under development. The objectives of the project are to finalize the sensor assembly, to conduct controlled experiments, to develop statistical algorithms to validate the collected data, and to extend the underpinning technology to wind velocity data collection. The research will advance basic knowledge concerning the wind pressures experienced by homes during extreme weather events. A well-defined understanding of such wind loads will have major implications on the development of methods to mitigate wind damage. Students working on the project will gain experience in sensor technology, and in structural and hurricane engineering. The proposed research will address the characterization and modeling of dynamic wind loads on complex shaped full-scale residential structures during land falling hurricanes. Scale model tests in boundary layer wind tunnels have been an important tool for the derivation of appropriate design wind loads found in the ASCE 7 Wind Load Provisions. Questions have been raised concerning the ability of wind tunnel simulations to accurately determine peak loads from strong wind events, emphasizing the need to compare wind tunnel with full-scale loads. This is a significant issue that can alter the current knowledge of the wind vulnerability of residential construction along the entire hurricane prone U.S. coast. A self-contained portable roof pressure monitoring system has been developed for rapid deployment and collection of roof pressure data during land falling hurricanes. Data collection among multiple units on the same structure is synchronized to quantify spatial correlation and aggregate wind loads. The physical profile of the individual units may interfere with the dynamic pressure being measured in some flow regimes. These scenarios will be identified experimentally in a controlled laboratory environment, and post-processing algorithms developed to evaluate which portions of sensor records should be retained for analysis. The underpinning technology developed for the pressure measuring units will be adapted to interface with anemometers in order to characterize lateral length scales in ground-level hurricane winds. The proposed full-scale data collection in the field is needed to evaluate wind load modeling and prescriptive design loads. With this knowledge, a risk-consistent framework for the sustainability and future development of the coastal infrastructure will be possible.