EAGER: Plasma-Soft Matter interactions: Towards understanding the effect of nonequilibrium, cold plasma on liquid phase chemical reactions in cells using novel chemical sensors

1249787福斯特等离子体医学是一门新兴的医疗领域，它将电离气体（等离子体）用于治疗和治疗疾病。因为电离气体或等离子体是在正常大气压和室温下产生的，所以它可以很容易地应用于受伤或患病的人体组织。血浆医学的范围包括1)医疗器械或人体组织的灭菌？直接寻址？超级虫子?比如食肉细菌、伤口愈合、牙齿护理？从清洁牙齿到根管治疗；局部皮肤治疗；抗真菌治疗；治疗慢性疾病，如克罗恩病？S综合征的治疗，凝血，整容手术，甚至癌症的治疗。很明显，血浆医学在整个医学领域具有巨大的潜力和新的前景。虽然等离子体在医疗领域治疗和灭菌方面的转化潜力已被充分记录，但尚未对等离子体辐照对活组织的影响进行系统调查。《思念》是一项系统的研究，真正阐明了治愈机制。此外，可以认为缺乏足够的工具来直接观察和测量等离子体诱导的细胞（软物质）内的变化。本研究旨在通过识别等离子体照射和从等离子体处理的生物组织中返回的等离子体种类，以及描述等离子体在细胞内驱动的反应，来区分等离子体暴露对细胞化学的原因和影响。等离子体与软物质的相互作用才是最重要的。在这项研究中，将独立的、化学敏感的纳米探针注射到被研究的细胞中，用于研究和量化等离子暴露引起的细胞内化学变化。分散在细胞内的注射纳米探针的荧光信号的变化反映了细胞内部条件的特定变化，如pH值、氧或自由基浓度。本研究使用的电离气源为冷气源。等离子体射流。射流是高度准直和高度定向，使应用到细胞衬底相对简单。内部细胞变化将与等离子体条件相关，而等离子体条件又将使用微波和光学诊断来表征。所提出的方法是新颖和开创性的，因为它为实时分析等离子体对细胞化学的影响铺平了道路，从而导致对等离子体治疗特性的理解。这项研究的回报很高，因为它有可能为直接评估细胞内等离子体诱导的条件作为等离子体暴露时间的函数奠定基础，从而真正量化并最终理解等离子体暴露对细胞的影响。这项工作的广泛影响在于，它研究了一种评估活细胞暴露于血浆时细胞间水平诱导效应的新方法。本研究获得的数据有望为了解血浆药物相关的治疗效果提供基础。从这项工作中获得的理解也将有助于定制等离子体治疗设备，因为等离子体发生器设置与细胞水平诱导的效应之间的关系将得到很好的量化。迄今为止，血浆药物的发展已经多少？Edisonian吗?在方法。虽然在任何新的和新兴的领域，这种方法可以在早期有效，从人类治疗的角度获得对涉及机制的理解，需要诊断来指导发展并为预测理论提供基础。通过提供一种直接的、接近实时的诊断方法来测量细胞内等离子体诱导的效应，这项工作有望促进等离子体医学这一激动人心的新领域的发展和潜在主流化。这项工作有助于医疗保健领域，因为它已被证明血浆药物在其他方面明显促进伤口愈合。门诊伤口治疗在全球范围内是一个价值数十亿美元的领域（仅在美国每年就有200亿美元），主要针对那些患有慢性伤口的人（例如糖尿病患者）。仅在美国就有近600万人。

1249787FosterPlasma medicine is a new and emerging subfield of healthcare in which ionized gas (plasma) is used for the purpose of therapy and the treatment of disease. Because the ionized gas or plasma is produced at normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature, it can readily be applied to injured or diseased human tissue. The scope of plasma medicine includes 1) sterilization of medical instruments or human tissue?directly addressing ?super bugs? such as flesh eating bacteria 2) wound healing 3) dental care?from tooth cleaning to root canals 4) topical skin treatment 5) anti-fungal therapies 6) treatment of chronic disease such as Crohn?s syndrome 7) management of blood coagulation 8) cosmetic surgery, and even 9) the treatment of cancer. It is clear that plasma medicine holds great potential and new vistas for the field of medicine in general. While the transformational potential of plasmas for therapy and sterilization in the medical field is well documented, a systematic investigation into the effects of plasma irradiation on living tissue has yet to be carried out. Missing is a systematic study that truly elucidates the healing mechanisms. Further it can be argued that lacking are adequate tools necessary to observe and measure the plasma-induced changes within cells (soft matter) directly. This research aims to differentiate between the cause and the effect of plasma exposure on cell chemistry by identifying the plasma species that are incident on and returning from biological tissues treated by plasmas, and characterizing the plasma-driven reactions within the cell itself. It is this plasma-soft matter interaction that is of paramount importance. In this investigation, free-standing, chemistry-sensitive nano-probes injected into the cells under study will be used to investigate and quantify intracellular chemical changes brought on by plasma exposure. Changes in fluorescence signal from the injected nano-probes dispersed within the cell reflect specific changes in internal cell conditions such as pH level, oxygen, or radical concentration. The ionized gas source to be used in this research is a ?cold? plasma jet. The jet is highly collimated and highly directional, making application to the cell substrate relatively straightforward. Internal cell changes will be correlated with plasma conditions, which in turn will be characterized using microwave and optical diagnostics. The proposed methodology is novel and groundbreaking in that it paves the way for real time analysis of the effect of plasma on cell chemistry thereby leading to an understanding of the curative properties of plasmas. This research effort is high payoff in that it has the potential to lay the foundation for a direct assessment of plasma-induced conditions within the cell as a function of plasma exposure time, thereby truly quantifying and ultimately understanding the effect of plasma exposure on the cell. The broader impact of the proposed work is broad in that it investigates a novel approach to assessing effects induced at the intercellular level when living cells are exposed to plasma. The data obtained in this study is expected to provide a basis for understanding the therapeutic effects associated with plasma medicine. The understanding gained from this effort will also be useful in tailoring plasma therapy equipment as the relationship between the plasma generator settings and effects induced at the cellular level will be well quantified. To date, plasma medicine development has been somewhat ?Edisonian? in approach. While in any new and emerging field, this approach can be effective early on, to obtain an understanding of mechanisms involved from a human therapy standpoint, diagnostics are needed to guide the development and provide the foundations for predictive theory. The effort is expected to contribute to the growth and potential mainstreaming of the exciting new field of plasma medicine by providing a direct, near real-time diagnostics for measuring plasma-induced effects within the cell itself. This work contributes to the field of healthcare as it has been demonstrated that plasma medicine among other things clearly enhances wound healing. Outpatient wound treatment is a many-billion dollar field worldwide (20 billion dollars annually in the U.S. alone) addressing those who suffer from chronic wounds (diabetics for example)?nearly 6 million in the US alone.