Neural investigations into cooperative social interactions in marmoset dyads

项目摘要 高级社会认知允许与其他群体成员进行合作和互惠互动， 我们和其他高度社会化的动物可能利用与亲社会性相关的各种好处。 然而，调查合作互动的神经基础是相当具有挑战性的，主要是由于事实上， 神经科学的标准实验室动物模型并没有明显或可靠地表现出合作行为， 更别说基于利他主义的互惠了绒猴合作繁殖非人类灵长类动物， 他们的亲社会性和社会宽容的特点使他们成为一个具有强大潜力的模式系统， 理解复杂的社会行为绒猴也提供了强大的承诺， 转基因灵长类动物，以及它们扁平的皮质，使得高密度电极可以很容易地进入大脑区域。在 这项探索性的R21提案，我们将利用最近在基于视频的面部连续跟踪方面的进展， 使用深度学习网络来严格描述合作互动的特征和身体方向 绒猴二对体此外，我们将研究眶额皮层（OFC）和背外侧皮层的神经活动。 前额叶皮层（dlPFC）-两个前额叶区域集中涉及基于人类的合作 功能磁共振成像研究-使用无线和高密度神经记录， 在自然主义的社会互动过程中检查神经活动，这在传统的头脑中是无法实现的， 限制性电生理实验。我们将在一个合作的行为应用这些新的方法 受绒猴行为学和灵长类动物学的启发。我们假设眶额皮层的神经元 过程强化合作的属性，而dlPFC中的神经元策略性地执行合作 决策总的来说，我们的建议独特地允许用精确的，自然的，行为的 数据，克服了在实验环境中使用自然行为和收集神经元的困难。 观察性实地研究中的数据。来自R21提案的数据对于开展更大规模的研究至关重要。 在未来的计划与多个范围和因果关系的元素，以了解神经机制 潜在的合作社会互动。

Project Summary Advanced social cognition permits cooperative and reciprocal interactions with other group members, making it possible for us and other highly social animals to capitalize on various benefits associated with prosociality. However, investigating the neural bases of cooperative interactions is quite challenging largely due to the fact that standard laboratory animal models of neuroscience do not overtly or reliably exhibit cooperative behaviors, let alone reciprocity based on altruism. Marmosets are cooperatively breeding non-human primates known for their prosociality and socially tolerant characteristics making them a model system with strong potential for use towards understanding complex social behaviors. Marmosets also provide strong promise for generating transgenic primates, and their flat cortices allow easy access to brain regions with high-density electrodes. In this exploratory R21 proposal, we will capitalize on recent advances in video-based continuous tracking of facial features and body orientations using a deep learning network to rigorously characterize cooperative interactions of marmoset dyads. Further, we will study neural activity from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) – the two prefrontal regions centrally implicated in cooperation based on human functional magnetic resonance imaging studies – using wireless and high-density neural recording, allowing examinations of neural activity during naturalistic social interactions that are not accessible in traditional head- restrained electrophysiology experiments. We will apply these novel approaches in a cooperative behavioral paradigm inspired by marmoset behavioral ethology and primatology. We hypothesize that neurons in the OFC process reinforcing properties of cooperation, whereas neurons in the dlPFC strategically implement cooperation decisions. Overall, our proposal uniquely allows studying neural dynamics with precise, naturalistic, behavioral data, overcoming the difficulty of using naturalistic behaviors in experimental settings and of collecting neural data in observational field studies. The data from this R21 proposal will be critical for developing a larger research program in the future with multiple scopes and causal elements for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying cooperative social interaction.