Agriculture and Empire in the High-Altitude Atacama Desert

高海拔阿塔卡马沙漠的农业与帝国

• 批准号: 1265816
• 负责人: Frances Hayashida
• 金额: $ 6.83万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1265816&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Agriculture; Empire; Altitude; Atacama; Desert

This award will support a new collaboration between the principal investigator and researchers from Chile (Diego Salazar and Andres Troncoso, University of Chile) and Spain (Cesar Parcero-Oubina, U. of Santiago de Compostela, Spain) to study irrigation agriculture in pre-colonial Chile. The highlands of the Atacama Desert were conquered by the Inca in the 15th century to take control of the mineral wealth of the region. It is hypothesized that the changes in administration and population distribution were accompanied by the reorganization and expansion of irrigation agriculture to provision laborers and other personnel. It is further suggested that the appropriation of water and the new emphasis on tributary production would have resulted in the reorganization of local communities, as existing economic and social relations were transformed by increasing state control. In order to test these ideas, the international research team will initiate data collection in the Atacama region, including (1) detailed mapping of the study sites and associated fields and canals, with systematic observations of surface artifacts and architecture to detect changes in water management, field systems, and site organization through time, (2) geological survey to assess the geomorphic and hydrological contexts of the canal systems, (3) collection of samples from the canals and fields to test dating techniques, and (4) collection of archaeobotanical samples at both sites to assess the preservation of crops and associated wild plants and to begin their identification. Participating researchers will bring complementary skills and training to this international and interdisciplinary effort. The collaborators from Chile and Spain, funded by other sources, will direct the site mapping and study of surface remains. U.S. scientists will direct the geological reconnaissance and the collection of samples for dating and botanical analysis. Students from the U.S. and Chile will participate and work together in all stages of the research.This project will investigate how economic decisions made at distant centers of power affect the landscapes and lives of local farmers, particularly where water is a scarce resource. Archaeology provides a long-term, historical perspective on the relationship between water, land, politics, and society. The research will also contribute to Inca archaeology and to comparative studies of ancient empires. The award will catalyze a long-term, international and interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars from Chile, the U.S. and Spain, and their students. At the University of New Mexico, a Hispanic-Serving Institution with a large enrollment of Hispanic and Native Americans, students will receive training and mentoring opportunities through the project, and will work closely with their international peers. Research results will be shared with local descendant communities and will be broadly disseminated to the general public and to professional audiences in both English and Spanish.

该奖项将支持主要研究者与智利（Diego Salazar和Andres Troncoso，智利大学）和西班牙（塞萨尔Parcero-Oubina，美国）研究人员之间的新合作。（西班牙圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉）研究前殖民时期智利的灌溉农业。 世纪，印加征服了阿塔卡马沙漠的高地，以控制该地区的矿产资源。 据推测，行政和人口分布的变化伴随着灌溉农业的重组和扩张，以提供劳动力和其他人员。 有人进一步指出，由于国家控制的加强，现有的经济和社会关系发生了变化，水资源的占用和对支流生产的新重视将导致地方社区的重组。为了测试这些想法，国际研究小组将在阿塔卡马地区开始数据收集，包括（1）详细绘制研究地点和相关领域和运河的地图，系统观察地表文物和建筑，以检测水管理，领域系统和地点组织的变化，（2）地质调查，以评估运河系统的地貌和水文背景，（3）从运河和田野中收集样本，以测试测年技术，以及（4）在这两个地点收集考古植物样本，以评估农作物和相关野生植物的保存情况，并开始对其进行鉴定。参与的研究人员将为这一国际和跨学科的努力带来补充技能和培训。 来自智利和西班牙的合作者在其他来源的资助下，将指导遗址测绘和地表遗迹研究。 美国科学家将指导地质勘察和收集样品进行年代测定和植物学分析。 来自美国和智利的学生将共同参与研究的各个阶段。该项目将调查在遥远的权力中心做出的经济决策如何影响当地农民的景观和生活，特别是在水资源稀缺的地方。 考古学为水、土地、政治和社会之间的关系提供了一个长期的历史视角。 这项研究还将有助于印加考古学和古代帝国的比较研究。 该奖项将促进智利，美国和西班牙学者及其学生之间的长期，国际和跨学科合作。 在新墨西哥州大学，一个西班牙裔服务机构与西班牙裔和土著美国人的大量招生，学生将通过该项目获得培训和指导的机会，并将与他们的国际同行密切合作。 研究成果将与当地后裔社区分享，并将以英文和西班牙文向公众和专业受众广泛传播。