New independent analysis and interpretation of the Pioneer 10 and 11 Doppler data: Finding the origin of the Pioneer anomaly

对先锋 10 和 11 多普勒数据的新独立分析和解释：寻找先锋异常的起源

• 批准号: 21214659
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hansjörg Dittus
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zentrum für angewandte Raumfahrttechnologie und Mikrogravitation (ZARM)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-31 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/21214659?language=en
• 关键词: New; independent; analysis; interpretation; Pioneer

AU from the Sun has consistently indicated an anomalous, constant Doppler frequency drift. This blue-shifted signal uniformly changes with rate ¿¿ = (5.99 ± 0.01)·10¿9 Hz/s and has been interpreted as constant acceleration aPioneer = (8.74 ± 1.33) · 10¿10 m/s2 directed towards the Sun. This is the Pioneer Anomaly. Up to now no satisfactory explanation to this anomaly has been found. We propose to perform for the first time an improved independent analysis of the entire set of the Pioneer 10 and 11 radio-metric Doppler data from 1972 to 2002 corresponding to the distance range from 3 AU to 80 AU which is critical in order determine the nature of the anomalous acceleration. We propose: i) to use the capabilities at ZARM to perform the analysis of the navigational and instrumental data collected from the Pioneer spacecrafts in deep space, ii) to independently investigate the anomalous signal found in the Pioneer 10/11 Doppler data. If the presence of the anomaly is confirmed, we propose to i) confront the anomalous residuals with various models of small non¿gravitational forces, ii) calibrate the contribution of gas leaks and miss¿modeled maneuvers to the trajectory solution, iii) further address the issue of collimated thermal emission from the on¿board power sources, iv) characterize the anomaly in more detail, including temporal and distance dependency of the effect, and v) study the data focusing on the planetary fly-bys. JPL will make the data available to ZARM. In parallel, possible physical explanations of the found effect within the standard General Relativity shall be looked for. These include (i) investigation of mass distributions in the Solar system which lead to a constant acceleration, and (ii) investigation of the physics of the propagation of massive particles (the spacecrafts) and light (the radio signals) in the solar system embedded in the gravitational field of the galaxy, in the expanding universe including terms with the structure of a cosmological constant. Widely discussed long¿range Yukawa¿like modifications of gravity are also of interest to be included in these investigations. Particular emphasis shall be laid on the discussion of the difference between bound elliptic and escape hyperbolic orbits. This theoretical study, which may be called ¿local gravitational physics in the expanding universe¿, is of interest by itself. It is important to put the Pioneer Anomaly in the context of recent experimental advances in gravitation and cosmology. The flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies as well as results from gravitational microlensing surveys has led to the assumption of the existence of the mysterious Dark Matter, since no compelling argument exists for the other alternative, namely, that a fundamental modification is necessary in the Kepler-Newton-Einstein laws of gravitation. Similarly, the results of the study of type Ia supernovae, WMAP data and analysis of the Lyman-alpha forest data lines ¿ when compared with standard cosmological models ¿ have been interpreted in terms of the existence of the mysterious Dark Energy that leads to the acceleration of the universe, rather than a modification of the basic laws of gravitation. Should the Pioneer Anomaly prove to be a basic signature of the breakdown of the accepted laws of gravitation, its detailed study and verification by future space missions would have fundamental and far reaching consequences for gravitational physics and cosmology.

来自太阳的Au一直表明存在异常的、恒定的多普勒频率漂移。这个蓝移信号以速率<$$>=（5.99 ± 0.01）·10 <$9 Hz/s均匀变化，并被解释为指向太阳的恒定加速度aPioneer =（8.74 ± 1.33）· 10 <$10 m/s2。这是先驱者异常点到目前为止，还没有令人满意的解释，这种anomal. We建议执行的第一次改进的独立分析的整个集合的先锋10和11无线电测量多普勒数据从1972年至2002年对应的距离范围从3 Au到80 Au，这是至关重要的，以确定的性质的异常加速度。我们建议：㈠利用ZARM的能力对从深空先锋航天器收集的导航和仪器数据进行分析，㈡独立调查先锋10/11多普勒数据中发现的异常信号。如果异常的存在得到证实，我们建议i）用各种小的非引力模型来对抗异常残差，ii）校准气体泄漏和错过模拟机动对轨迹解的贡献，iii）进一步解决来自上的准直热发射问题。四）更详细地描述异常现象，包括影响的时间和距离依赖性，以及五）研究侧重于行星飞越的数据。JPL将向ZARM提供数据。与此同时，在标准的广义相对论中寻找可能的物理解释。其中包括（一）在太阳系中的质量分布，导致一个恒定的加速度的调查，和（二）在太阳系中嵌入在银河系的引力场，在膨胀的宇宙中，包括与宇宙常数的结构条款的大质量粒子（航天器）和光（无线电信号）的传播的物理学调查。广泛讨论的长距离汤川<$喜欢修改的重力也感兴趣的是包括在这些调查。应特别强调讨论束缚椭圆轨道和逃逸双曲轨道之间的差别。这种理论研究，可以被称为膨胀宇宙中的局部引力物理学，本身就很有趣。重要的是把先锋异常放在引力和宇宙学最近实验进展的背景下。螺旋星系平坦的旋转曲线以及引力微透镜巡天的结果导致了神秘的暗物质存在的假设，因为没有令人信服的论据支持另一种选择，即开普勒-牛顿-爱因斯坦引力定律需要根本的修改。同样，Ia型超新星的研究结果，WMAP数据和莱曼α森林数据线的分析与标准宇宙学模型相比，已经解释了导致宇宙加速的神秘暗能量的存在，而不是对引力基本定律的修改。如果先驱者异常被证明是公认的引力定律崩溃的基本标志，它的详细研究和未来空间任务的验证将对引力物理学和宇宙学产生根本和深远的影响。