Research into Emerging Nano-structured Electrodes for the splitting of Water (RENEW)

用于水分解的新兴纳米结构电极的研究（RENEW）

• 批准号: 1336844
• 负责人: Paul McIntyre
• 金额: $ 40.71万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1336844&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; into; Emerging; Nano; structured

PI: McIntyre, PaulProposal Number: 1336844Institution: Stanford UniversityTitle: Research into Emerging Nano-structured Electrodes for the splitting of Water (RENEW)This project will focus on photoelectrochemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Oxidation of water at the anode surface is a kinetically difficult process, typically requiring overpotentials of several hundred millivolts even on the most efficient catalysts, noble metals such as Ir or Ru and their oxides. The PI will study atomic layer deposition (ALD) for ultra-thin film deposition, nanostructuring and surface alloying to minimize the use of these metals in highly efficient water oxidation catalysts, and to explore more Earth-abundant catalyst alternatives for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both single-junction and tandem photoelectrochemical cells. Well-established in semiconductor device fabrication, ALD is now being investigated for energy applications, enabling high-impact discoveries.This project would be an international partnership supported jointly by NSF, Science Foundation Ireland, and Invest Northern Ireland through the US-Ireland Research and Development Partnership Program. If supported by NSF, the RENEW project would bring to bear the efforts of four PI?s at three universities (Stanford, Tyndall National Institute/UCC, Queens University Belfast) with complementary expertise. The approach integrates activities at our universities to provide both significant intellectual benefits and unique broader impacts of the research.The PI will focus on the nanoscale engineering of water oxidation catalysts deposited on ultrathin, ALD-grown tunnel oxide supports. Consistent with the recent work on pinhole-free tunnel oxides for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water oxidation on silicon, the PI will test if these layers achieve corrosion protection of a variety of Earth-abundant semiconductor absorbers with appropriate band edges for efficient solar-driven water splitting. With ALD as a versatile tool for nanoscale materials design, the goals are to study ultra-thin film and nanoscale island catalysts, and surface-alloying of noble metals in tunnel oxide layers. The latter structures constitute an ultrathin, ALD-grown analogue to the much thicker RuO2-TiO2 dimensionally stable anode coatings used in the electrochemical industry. RENEW team efforts will include screening of Earth-abundant, nanocrystalline OER catalysts by wet chemical synthesis methods and development of ALD processes for their deposition. The PI will also explore II-VI semiconductor absorbers for single-junction and tandem photosynthesis cells with corrosion-resistant photoanodes and cathodes. Possible applications of this research include grid-scale storage of solar energy and solar-driven synthesis of more complex and energy-dense hydrocarbon fuels, for which water oxidation is likely a required step.Broader impacts of this project would flow from both international personnel exchanges, including extended student researcher-in-residence visits, across the RENEW team universities, and the coupling of energy and materials research with undergraduate science education at Stanford. In one of two joint efforts in education and outreach, the PI plan to collaborate in the development of a freshman-level electrochemistry course module, using electrolysis of water and corrosion protection of metals as examples of practical applications of electrochemistry. The module will be available for free download from the internet and will include sufficient material for 2-3 lectures in a semester-long introductory chemistry course. The PI also plan to involve undergraduate researchers from other US universities in this project by leveraging existing NSF summer REU programs at Stanford, with special attention given to identifying and recruiting promising female and under-represented minority students as summer researchers.

项目负责人：McIntyre， paul提案号：1336844机构：斯坦福大学标题：用于水分解的新兴纳米结构电极研究（RENEW）该项目将重点研究光电化学将水分解为氢和氧。水在阳极表面的氧化是一个动力学上困难的过程，通常需要几百毫伏的过电位，即使是在最有效的催化剂上，贵金属如Ir或Ru及其氧化物。该项目将研究用于超薄膜沉积的原子层沉积（ALD）、纳米结构和表面合金化，以最大限度地减少这些金属在高效水氧化催化剂中的使用，并在单结和串联光电化学电池中探索更多地球丰富的催化剂替代品，用于析氧反应（OER）和析氢反应（HER）。ALD在半导体器件制造中已经建立，目前正在研究能源应用，从而实现高影响力的发现。该项目将是由美国国家科学基金会、爱尔兰科学基金会和通过美国-爱尔兰研究与发展伙伴关系计划投资北爱尔兰共同支持的国际伙伴关系。如果得到NSF的支持，RENEW项目将带来四个PI的努力？在三所大学（斯坦福大学，廷德尔国家研究所/UCC，贝尔法斯特女王大学），具有互补的专业知识。该方法整合了我们大学的活动，以提供显著的智力效益和独特的更广泛的研究影响。该项目将专注于水氧化催化剂沉积在超薄、ald生长的隧道氧化物支架上的纳米级工程。与最近在硅上进行高效稳定的光电化学水氧化的无针孔隧道氧化物的工作一致，PI将测试这些层是否能够实现各种地球上丰富的半导体吸收剂的腐蚀保护，这些吸收剂具有适当的带边，可以有效地进行太阳能驱动的水分解。ALD作为纳米级材料设计的通用工具，其目标是研究超薄膜和纳米级孤岛催化剂，以及隧道氧化层中贵金属的表面合金化。后一种结构构成了一种超薄的、ald生长的类似物，类似于电化学工业中使用的更厚的尺寸稳定的RuO2-TiO2阳极涂层。RENEW团队的工作将包括通过湿化学合成方法筛选地球上丰富的纳米晶OER催化剂，并开发其沉积的ALD工艺。该项目还将探索用于单结和串联光合作用电池的II-VI半导体吸收剂，这些吸收剂具有耐腐蚀的光阳极和阴极。这项研究的可能应用包括太阳能的电网规模存储和太阳能驱动的更复杂和能量密集的碳氢化合物燃料的合成，其中水氧化可能是必要的步骤。该项目将产生更广泛的影响，包括国际人员交流，包括延长RENEW团队大学的学生研究人员访问，以及斯坦福大学能源和材料研究与本科科学教育的耦合。在教育和推广的两项联合努力中，PI计划合作开发一门大一的电化学课程模块，以电解水和金属腐蚀保护作为电化学实际应用的例子。该模块可以从互联网上免费下载，并将包括足够的材料，在长达一个学期的化学入门课程2-3节课。PI还计划通过利用斯坦福大学现有的NSF夏季REU项目，让美国其他大学的本科生研究人员参与该项目，特别注意识别和招募有前途的女性和代表性不足的少数民族学生作为夏季研究人员。