Emerging Materials for Energy storage and environmental Research enabled through Atomic Layer Deposition, (EMERALD)

通过原子层沉积实现能源存储和环境研究的新兴材料（EMERALD）

• 批准号: 1805084
• 负责人: Paul McIntyre
• 金额: $ 38万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1805084&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Emerging; Materials; Energy; storage; environmental

There is a compelling need for an inexpensive, off-the-grid, technology in which solar energy is captured and used to produce a fuel - hydrogen - for heating and electricity when the sun does not shine and a disinfectant - hypochlorite (chemical formula NaOCl) - to create potable water. The worldwide need for potable water is great. A sixth of the world's population have no access to improved water supplies and far more consume contaminated water every day. This US-Republic of Ireland-Northern Ireland, United Kingdom research collaboration project involves harvesting the energy of sunlight to split saltwater into its chemical components: hydrogen, hypochlorite and another valuable product, caustic (NaOH). This technology is amenable to a modular system approach which would provide distributed power and potable water in areas with less infrastructure or during natural disasters. The project provides an international and multidisciplinary research experience for the involved students. The project also leverages Stanford's RISE outreach program to inspire students to consider further education and careers in the STEM fields using hands-on research experiences relevant to photovoltaics, motivated by the goal of advancing infrastructure in the developing world.This project is a multidisciplinary research project involving Stanford, Tyndall National Institute/University College Cork, Republic of Ireland and Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland United Kingdom. The collaboration involves multidisciplinary research on novel catalysts, corrosion protections layers for efficient earth-abundant light absorbers, and electrochemical cell design. Tasks will be performed on 1) new, inexpensive materials that enable efficient saltwater splitting, 2) methods for protecting silicon solar cell materials when they are exposed to saltwater, and 3) optimized designs for saltwater splitting devices. The project will investigate electrode materials selection and composition optimization, atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods to control local catalytic and electronic properties over highly porous electrodes, and the impact these factors have on cell efficiency and durability while minimizing platinum group metal use. The research will be related to two different devices, one an integrated and highly-efficient silicon photoelectrochemical cell, and the other an electrochemical cell which can be powered by an external photovoltaic array. A multiphysics modelling effort will inform the design details in order to optimize the cells for efficiency. Collectively, the team of researchers in the US, Ireland and Northern Ireland will assemble and test devices to demonstrate the performance and stability of the materials and device designs developed in this project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

迫切需要一种廉价的离网技术，在这种技术中，太阳能被捕获并用于生产燃料-氢-用于在太阳不照射时加热和发电，以及消毒剂-次氯酸盐（化学式NaOCl）-用于生产饮用水。 全世界对饮用水的需求量很大。世界上六分之一的人口无法获得改善的供水，每天消耗受污染的水的人要多得多。这个美国-爱尔兰共和国-北爱尔兰爱尔兰，英国的研究合作项目涉及收集阳光的能量，将盐水分解成其化学成分：氢，次氯酸盐和另一种有价值的产品，苛性碱（NaOH）。 该技术适用于模块化系统方法，可在基础设施较少的地区或在自然灾害期间提供分布式电源和饮用水。该项目为参与的学生提供了国际和多学科的研究经验。该项目还利用斯坦福大学的RISE推广计划，鼓励学生考虑在STEM领域继续教育和职业生涯，利用与光化学相关的实践研究经验，以推进发展中国家的基础设施为目标。该项目是一个多学科研究项目，涉及斯坦福大学，廷德尔国家研究所/科克大学学院，爱尔兰共和国和皇后大学，贝尔法斯特，英国北方爱尔兰。该合作涉及新型催化剂、高效地球光吸收剂的腐蚀保护层以及电化学电池设计等多学科研究。任务将在1）新的，廉价的材料，使有效的盐水分裂，2）保护硅太阳能电池材料的方法，当他们暴露于盐水，和3）优化设计的盐水分裂设备。 该项目将研究电极材料选择和成分优化，原子层沉积（ALD）方法，以控制高度多孔电极的局部催化和电子特性，以及这些因素对电池效率和耐用性的影响，同时最大限度地减少铂族金属的使用。 该研究将涉及两种不同的设备，一种是集成的高效硅光电化学电池，另一种是可以由外部光伏阵列供电的电化学电池。多物理场建模工作将为设计细节提供信息，以优化电池的效率。美国、爱尔兰和北方爱尔兰的研究人员将共同组装和测试设备，以证明该项目中开发的材料和设备设计的性能和稳定性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Reversible Decay of Oxygen Evolution Activity of Iridium Catalysts

• DOI: 10.1149/2.0491914jes
• 发表时间: 2019-10
• 期刊: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Robert Tang-Kong;C. Chidsey;P. McIntyre

>10% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency unassisted water splitting on ALD-protected silicon heterojunction solar cells

• DOI: 10.1039/c9se00110g
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Sustainable Energy & Fuels
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Chor Seng Tan;Kyle W. Kemp;M. Braun;A. Meng;Wanliang Tan;C. Chidsey;W. Ma;F. Moghadam;P. McIntyre

Silicon Photoanodes for Solar-Driven Oxidation of Brine: A Nanoscale, Photo-Active Analog of the Dimensionally-Stable Anode

• DOI: 10.1149/2.0791816jes
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Robert Tang-Kong;C. O’Rourke;A. Mills;P. McIntyre