Quantifying total volatile budgets of explosive volcanic eruptions: An experimental investigation of silicic peralkaline magma from Paektu volcano

量化火山喷发的总挥发性预算：白头火山硅质过碱性岩浆的实验研究

• 批准号: 1349486
• 负责人: Kayla Iacovino
• 金额: $ 17.4万
• 依托单位: Iacovino, Kayla D
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1349486&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantifying; total; volatile; budgets; explosive

Dr. Kayla Iacovino has been awarded an NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out a research and outreach plan at the US Geological Survey - Menlo Park, California. Results of this research will provide a model for quantifying the amount and composition of gasses prior to volcanic eruptions, improving the ability to accurately predict volcanic processes. Magmatic volatile species (H2O, CO2, S species, F, and Cl) power explosive eruptions and influence the chemical evolution of magma. Once emitted, these volcanic gases can substantially alter atmospheric chemistry, climate, and ecology. The investigation will be based on geochemical and petrological data from the Millennium Eruption of Paektu volcano, located on the North Korea-China border. For outreach activities, Dr. Iacovino will create a series of educational videos targeted at young women by highlighting her own research and showcasing female-led research projects at the US Geological Survey.Despite being one of the largest volcanic eruptions in human history, with ash deposits reaching as far east as Japan, the Millennium Eruption of Paektu volcano is very poorly studied in large part due to its location in a geopolitically complex region. In 2002-2005, signs of volcanic unrest at Paektu caught the attention of local and regional officials, prompting the Mt. Paektu Geoscientific Experiment (MPGE), a collaborative international effort between the US, UK, China, and North Korea. In collaboration with the MPGE, Dr. Iacovino's research will investigate the gas budget of the Millennium Eruption and will test the hypothesis that magma bodies that feed voluminous, highly explosive eruptions widely contain a pre-eruptive vapor phase at weight percent concentration levels. Detailed measurements of pumice and lava chemistries will be carried out using electron microprobe, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ion microprobe techniques. The results of these measurements will be used to construct experiments aimed at reproducing the pressure-temperature-chemical conditions that existed beneath Paektu volcano prior to the Millennium Eruption.

Kayla Iacovino博士被授予NSF地球科学博士后奖学金，在加利福尼亚州门洛帕克的美国地质调查局开展研究和推广计划。这项研究的结果将为量化火山喷发前气体的数量和组成提供一个模型，提高准确预测火山过程的能力。岩浆挥发性物质(H2O、CO_2、S物种、F和Cl)为火山爆发提供动力，并影响岩浆的化学演化。这些火山气体一旦排放，就会极大地改变大气化学、气候和生态。调查将基于位于朝鲜-中国边境的白头山火山千年喷发的地球化学和岩石学数据。在外展活动中，亚科维诺博士将制作一系列针对年轻女性的教育视频，突出她自己的研究，并展示美国地质调查局由女性主导的研究项目。尽管白头山是人类历史上最大的火山喷发之一，火山灰沉积远至日本东部，但人们对白头山千年喷发的研究非常少，这在很大程度上是因为它位于一个复杂的地缘政治地区。在2002-2005年间，白头山火山动乱的迹象引起了当地和地区官员的注意，促使Mt.白图地球科学实验是美国、英国、中国和朝鲜四国共同开展的国际合作项目。与MPGe合作，亚科维诺博士的研究将调查千禧年火山喷发的气体收支，并将检验这样一种假设，即为巨大的、高度爆炸性的火山喷发提供燃料的岩浆体普遍含有重量百分比浓度水平的喷发前汽相。将使用电子微探针、傅里叶变换红外光谱和离子微探针技术对浮石和熔岩的化学成分进行详细测量。这些测量的结果将被用于构建旨在重现千年喷发前白头图火山下方存在的压力-温度-化学条件的实验。