Physiological and life history differences arising from variation in tracheal development and mitochondrial aging in an ecological model organism

生态模型生物体中气管发育和线粒体老化的变化引起的生理和生活史差异

• 批准号: 1354667
• 负责人: James Marden
• 金额: $ 42.25万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-15 至 2018-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1354667&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiological; life; history; differences; arising

This study continues a transformation in molecular ecology: the ability to find and study genetic variation affecting phenotypes that are the basis for fitness differences in ecological model systems. Results from this study will connect mechanistically genetic variation encoding a metabolic enzyme to a signaling pathway, development, morphology, physiology and performance in nature, at the level of individuals, populations and (via the research in other labs) a metapopulation. The results are informative for this ecological model system and for a broader understanding of fitness tradeoffs, maintenance of genetic variation in populations by balancing selection, and aging. An insect model system will be used to examine how genetic variation and physiological traits interact with landscape features and population dynamics. New physiological insight will also be obtained via determination of how the hypoxia inducible factor signaling pathway controls both the development of the oxygen delivery network (tracheae) and mitochondrial aging. This research will examine experimentally how genetic variation in a gene encoding a central metabolic enzyme (succinate dehydrogenase; Sdh) affects life history, differences in tracheal network development and mitochondrial aging in an ecological context. Complementary experiments employing available Sdh mutants in the model system Drosophila will be used to test mechanistic relationships. The central thesis is that differences in tracheal development affect fitness tradeoffs via effects on flight metabolism, respiratory water loss, survival of summer drying of the habitat, and the rate of aging of flight muscle mitochondria.The PI and his students have helped labs in the U.S., Europe and Australia perform their first transcriptome studies. The PI and his team are now scaling up this effort by working with a consortium of more than 100 undergraduate institutions to help them enhance undergraduate teaching and faculty training in functional genomics. The personnel of this project will work with the Genome Consortium for Active Teaching NextGen Sequencing Group (GCAT-SEEK), headed by nearby Juniata College, to instruct undergraduates directly and, via workshops, train interested faculty across the entire array of member institutions. These workshops are tailored for undergraduate educators and students who are novices with respect to NextGen technology and bioinformatics. The workshop training will assist in all stages of experimental design through assessment, and provide participants with active learning modules that are easy to integrate into classes. The PI is also involved heavily in student training (including a number of students who are under-represented minorities and women), and communicating science with the general public.

这项研究继续在分子生态学的转变：发现和研究遗传变异的能力，影响表型，生态模型系统的适应性差异的基础。这项研究的结果将在自然界中，在个体，群体和（通过其他实验室的研究）集合群体的水平上，将编码代谢酶的遗传变异与信号传导途径，发育，形态，生理学和性能机械地联系起来。结果是翔实的生态模型系统和更广泛的理解健身权衡，维护种群遗传变异的平衡选择，和老化。一个昆虫模型系统将被用来研究遗传变异和生理性状如何与景观特征和种群动态相互作用。 新的生理洞察力也将通过确定缺氧诱导因子信号通路如何控制氧气输送网络（气管）和线粒体衰老的发展来获得。这项研究将通过实验研究编码中心代谢酶（琥珀酸脱氢酶; Sdh）的基因中的遗传变异如何影响生活史，气管网络发育和线粒体衰老的差异在生态环境中。 补充实验采用现有的Sdh突变体的模型系统果蝇将被用来测试机制的关系。中心论点是，气管发育的差异通过影响飞行代谢、呼吸失水、栖息地夏季干燥的生存以及飞行肌肉线粒体的老化速度来影响健身权衡。PI和他的学生帮助美国的实验室，欧洲和澳大利亚进行了他们的第一个转录组研究。PI和他的团队现在正在扩大这一努力，与100多所本科院校合作，帮助他们加强功能基因组学的本科教学和教师培训。该项目的工作人员将与由附近的Juniata学院领导的基因组联盟积极教学NextGen测序组（GCAT-SEEK）合作，直接指导本科生，并通过研讨会培训整个成员机构的感兴趣的教师。这些研讨会是专为本科教育工作者和学生谁是新手方面的NextGen技术和生物信息学。讲习班培训将通过评估协助实验设计的所有阶段，并为参与者提供易于融入课堂的积极学习模块。PI还积极参与学生培训（包括一些代表性不足的少数民族和妇女学生），并与公众交流科学。