Collaborative Research: Microbial Carbon cycling and its interactions with Sulfur and Nitrogen transformations in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments

合作研究：瓜伊马斯盆地热液沉积物中微生物碳循环及其与硫和氮转化的相互作用

• 批准号: 1357238
• 负责人: Andreas Teske
• 金额: $ 63.14万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1357238&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Microbial; Carbon; cycling

Overview: Hydrothermally active sediments in the Guaymas Basin are dominated by novel microbial communities that catalyze important biogeochemical processes in these seafloor ecosystems. This project will investigate genomic potential, physiological capabilities and biogeochemical roles of key uncultured organisms from Guaymas sediments, especially the high-temperature anaerobic methane oxidizers that occur specifically in hydrothermally active sediments (ANME-1Guaymas). The study will focus on their role in carbon transformations, but also explore their potential involvement in sulfur and nitrogen transformations. First-order research topics include quantifying anaerobic methane oxidation under high temperature,in situ concentrations of phosphorus and methane , and with alternate electron acceptors; sulfate and sulfur-dependent microbial pathways and isotopic signatures under these conditions; and nitrogen transformations in methane-oxidizing microbial communities, hydrothermal mats and sediments. Intellectual Merit: This integrated biogeochemical and microbiological research will explore the pathways of and environmental controls on the consumption and production of methane, other alkanes, inorganic carbon, organic acids and organic matter that fuel the Guaymas sedimentary microbial ecosystem. The hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin provide a spatially compact, high-activity location for investigating novel modes of methane cycling and carbon assimilation into microbial biomass. In the case of anaerobic methane oxidation, the high temperature and pressure tolerance of Guaymas Basin methane-oxidizing microbial communities, and their potential to uncouple from the dominant electron acceptor sulfate, vastly increase the predicted subsurface habitat space and biogeochemical role for anaerobic microbial methanotrophy in global deep subsurface diagenesis. Further, microbial methane production and oxidation interlocks with syulfur and nitrogen transformations, which will be explored at the organism and process level in hydrothermal sediment microbial communities and mats of Guaymas Basin. In general, first-order research tasks (rate measurements, radiotracer incorporation studies, genomes, in situ microgradients) define the key microbial capabilities, pathways and processes that mediate chemical exchange between the subsurface hydrothermal/seeps and deep ocean waters. Broader Impacts: The Zephyr Education Foundation, with its unique marine science literacy and education program will collaborate in the design of an educational field exercise. The Foundation is located in Woods Hole and coordinates school class field trips that include participating in hands-on learning and discovery on the water and in the laboratory. The questions, techniques, and relevance of this research will be presented in a manner that promotes awareness and understanding. Sediment coring, comparisons of coastal sediments to original Guaymas Basin sample materials, and side scan sonar demos that illustrate the challenges of sea floor mapping (a very real problem in hydrothermal vent research) will be performed as part of seagoing class trips with the Zephyr Foundation 40-foot boat RV Minuteman in the coastal waters of Woods Hole. The Foundation will present this unit as part of their on-board, hands-on marine science field trip series that is delivered to approximately 1,000 students and their teachers per year. This outreach component expands the ongoing collaboration of the PIs with Zephyr-led outreach activities. Day-by-day cruise blogs, written, illustrated and posted by the PI for three recent Atlantis/Alvin cruises are used extensively for teaching and engaging classes at UNC at the undergraduate level (Extreme microbes seminar for freshmen of all fields, and Introduction to Oceanography for junior/senior science majors). The PI will write a daily cruise blog for the next Guaymas Basin cruise and make short (3 min) videos at sea for web site posting and classroom use.

概述：瓜伊马斯盆地中的水热活性沉积物由新型的微生物群落主导，这些微生物群落催化了这些海底生态系统中重要的生物地球化学过程。该项目将研究来自瓜耶斯沉积物的关键未培养生物的基因组潜力，生理能力和生物地球化学作用，尤其是在水热活性沉积物（Anme-1guaymas）中特别出现的高温厌氧甲烷氧化剂。该研究将重点关注它们在碳转化中的作用，但也探讨了它们在硫和氮转化中的潜在参与。一阶研究主题包括在高温下，原位磷和甲烷以及替代电子受体来量化厌氧甲烷氧化。在这些条件下，硫酸盐和硫依赖性的微生物途径和同位素特征；甲烷氧化微生物群落，水热垫和沉积物中的氮转化。智力优点：这项综合的生物地球化学和微生物学研究将探讨甲烷，其他烷烃，无机碳，有机酸和有机物的消费和生产的途径和环境控制的途径，从而为Guaymas沉积微生物生态系统供电。瓜伊马斯盆地的热液沉积物提供了一个在空间紧凑的高活动位置，用于研究新型的甲烷循环模式和碳同化为微生物生物量。在厌氧甲烷氧化的情况下，瓜伊马斯盆地甲烷氧化微生物群落的高温和压力耐受性，以及它们与硫酸占主导地位的电子受体硫酸盐的潜力，大大提高了预测的地下栖息地空间和生物地球化学作用，对厌氧微生物的生物地球化学作用在全球范围内均等。此外，微生物甲烷的产生和氧化与Syulfur和氮转化相互锁定，将在水热沉积物微生物群落和Guaymas盆地的生物体和过程水平上进行探索。一般而言，一阶研究任务（速率测量，放射性固定研究，基因组，原位微视体）定义了介导地下水热/渗流和深海水之间化学交换的关键微生物能力，途径和过程。更广泛的影响：Zephyr教育基金会，其独特的海洋科学素养和教育计划将在教育现场演习的设计中进行合作。该基金会位于伍兹洞中，并协调学校课堂野外旅行，其中包括参与水上和实验室的动手学习和发现。这项研究的问题，技术和相关性将以促进意识和理解的方式提出。沉积物加油，沿海沉积物与原始瓜伊马斯盆地样品材料的比较以及侧面扫描声纳演示，这些演示说明了海底映射的挑战（水热研究中的一个非常真实的问题）将作为Zephyr基金会40英尺高的船只船孔中的Zephyr Foundation Trips的一部分进行。该基金会将作为其机上动手海洋科学野外旅行系列的一部分展示该单元，该系列每年分配给大约1,000名学生及其老师。该外展部分扩大了PI与Zephyr领导的外展活动的持续合作。 PI为三个最近的亚特兰蒂斯/Alvin Cruises编写，插图和发布的日常巡航博客广泛用于UNC的UNC教学和参与课程（所有领域的极限微生物研讨会，以及针对初级/高级科学专业的海洋学简介）。 PI将为下一个Guaymas盆地巡游撰写每日巡航博客，并在海上进行短（3分钟）视频，以供网站发布和课堂使用。