RAPID: The Microbial Response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

RAPID：微生物对深水地平线漏油事件的反应

• 批准号: 1045115
• 负责人: Andreas Teske
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1045115&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Microbial; Response; Deepwater; Horizon

Intellectual merit: This RAPID project will conduct a time series of microbiological and geochemical assessments of the consequences of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill offshore the Louisiana coast. The PIs are building on a large database of pre-spill baseline microbiology and biogeochemistry at a microbial observatory (Mississippi Canyon 118) near the Deepwater Horizon site they have occupied since 2005. They are applying molecular, gene-based analyses of the microbial community structure and function in surface water and underlying sediments; in situ water column dissolved oxygen and light hydrocarbon measurements using advanced sensor technologies (Seaguard system) for deep water plume tracking; and a biogeochemical survey of the sediments and water in the immediate vicinity of and at increasing distance from the oil spill, and on different time scales during follow-up cruises. 16S rRNA and functional gene sequencing of total microbial DNA and RNA from contaminated and clean water and sediments will monitor how the oil-affected microbial community changes in composition and activity. High-throughput pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified rRNA fragments will increase the coverage by approx. three orders of magnitude, and allow for the detection of minority microbial populations that go unnoticed in conventional clone libraries. Special attention will be paid to the enrichment of oil-degrading bacteria in natural samples and in time-series experiments conducted in the lab, to monitor their growth with group-specific PCR, to monitor geochemical changes concomitant with the establishment and enrichment of a hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community, and to identify potential carbon incorporation pathways with stable isotope probing of nucleic acids. Summarizing, this RAPID project focuses on molecular and microbiological assessments of hydrocarbon impact, across the spatial and time scales of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill as determined by diagnostic water column oxygen and light hydrocarbon measurements. The water column microbiological and dissolved gas data will be linked to potential impacts on the bacterial activity in bottom sediments through measurements of geochemical indicators of sedimentary anaerobic microbial activity, and porewater analyses of DIC, CH4 and low-molecular weight organic acids, the principal products of hydrocarbon degradation. The PIs are coordinating their research with Mandy Joye at the University of Georgia.Broader Impacts: The results of this RAPID project will identify which bacterial and archaeal populations, and in which sequence, respond to oil spill events in marine sediments and the water column, and the attendant - often beneficial - biogeochemical consequences of this massive restructuring of the microbial community and their activities. Most importantly, this project provides comprehensive microbial and geochemical coverage of different marine habitats (deep and shallow marine sediments, water column, surface) on the geographical and time scale of the oil spill as it is unfolding. This independent analysis will contribute to an observation-based and results-oriented reference database that, at present, the various interested players in the Deepwater Horizon saga cannot provide. The PIs are working on national publicity for our cruises and on-site work, by taking a National Geographic writer (Joel Bourne) on the current RV Walton Smith cruise, and interviews with Scientific American and National Geographic. The PIs have developed an extensive student-oriented outreach component that entrains - with a combination of teaching, lab internships, conference visits and virtual as well as real cruise exposure - undergraduates from different backgrounds into grant-driven research and gives them an early start on substantial, publishable research projects. The Martens lab has been active since 2005 in partnering NSF-funded research projects with science education and outreach programs that can influence and attract the next generation of oceanographers.

知识分子的优点：这个快速项目将对深水地平线漏油在路易斯安那州海岸近海的后果进行微生物和地球化学评估。 PI正在建立一个大型跨度基线微生物学和生物地球化学的大型数据库，它们在自2005年以来一直占据的深水地平线附近的微生物天文台（密西西比州峡谷118）。原位水柱使用先进的传感器技术（海卫系统）溶解氧气和轻碳氢化合物测量，以进行深水羽流跟踪；以及对距离漏油事件的附近和增加距离的附近的沉积物和水的生物地球化学调查，在随访期间的不同时间尺度上。 16S rRNA和来自受污染和清洁水和沉积物的总微生物DNA和RNA的功能基因测序将监测由石油影响的微生物群落的组成和活性变化。 PCR放大rRNA片段的高通量旋转测序将使覆盖率增加约。三个数量级，并允许检测传统克隆文库中未引起注意的少数微生物种群。 Special attention will be paid to the enrichment of oil-degrading bacteria in natural samples and in time-series experiments conducted in the lab, to monitor their growth with group-specific PCR, to monitor geochemical changes concomitant with the establishment and enrichment of a hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community, and to identify potential carbon incorporation pathways with stable isotope probing of nucleic acids.总而言之，这个快速的项目集中在烃类影响的分子和微生物学评估上，跨深水地平线油的空间和时间尺度，这是由诊断水柱氧和光烃测量结果确定的。水柱微生物学和溶解的气体数据将通过测量沉积性厌氧微生物活性的地球化学指标以及DIC，CH4和低分子量有机酸的孔隙水分析，与底部沉积物中的细菌活性有关。 PI正在与佐治亚大学的Mandy Joye协调他们的研究。Boader的影响：这个快速项目的结果将确定哪些细菌和古细菌种群，哪些序列，对海洋沉积物和水柱中的溢油事件做出反应，以及随之而来的 - 通常有利于Bioforical -BioGeochemical Eackial -BioGeochemical Eackive -BioGeochemical Eastive and Microbial Communition and Microbial的活动。最重要的是，该项目提供了不同海洋栖息地（深水和浅海沉积物，水柱，表面）的全面微生物和地球化学覆盖范围，并在油漏油的地理和时间范围内进行。这种独立的分析将有助于基于观察和以结果为导向的参考数据库，目前，Deepwater Horizo​​n Saga无法提供的各种有兴趣的参与者。 PI通过在当前的RV Walton Smith Cruise上采用国家地理作家（Joel Bourne），并接受科学美国和国家地理的采访，从而为我们的巡航和现场工作进行全国宣传。 PI开发了一种广泛的面向学生的外展部分，其中包括教学，实验室实习，会议访问和虚拟和实际巡航的结合 - 来自不同背景的本科生进入了赠款驱动的研究，并为他们提供了早期的大量，可发表的，可发表的研究项目。自2005年以来，马滕斯实验室（Martens Lab）一直活跃于NSF资助的研究项目与科学教育和外展计划，这些项目可以影响和吸引下一代海洋学家。