Prtugal and the Colonial Question, 1961 - 1974

普鲁图加尔和殖民地问题，1961 - 1974

• 批准号: 214760784
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ulrich Herbert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Neueste Geschichte und Zeitgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/214760784?language=en
• 关键词: Prtugal; Colonial; Question; 1961; 1974

By 1961 the colonial question had grown to be the central problem on the Portuguese New State's political agenda. Not only was the regime under constant pressure to justify its intransigent colonial policy throughout the 1960s and early 70s. Furthermore, it also had to legitimate the necessity of a three-front war in Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau. This research project therefore analyses the colonial debate in Portugal between 1961 and 1974. It retraces the dominating interests and leitmotifs in this debate that was led within non-official circles such as oppositional groups and catholic organizations as intensely as within government elites. As the archival research has mostly been completed, the evidence clearly indicates that for the authoritarian regime, the empire first and foremost constituted a source of self-legitimization. However, the opposition, except for the Communist Party, also largely subscribed to the regime's colonial project, forming a broad consensus in favour of maintaining the colonial empire. While the arguments and the proposed solutions for the colonial crisis became more diverse after 1961, an anti-colonialist movement never came to be established. Generally speaking, the Portuguese colonial debate, despite its delay, centred on similar ideas as the colonial debates in other European states; the notion of a Portuguese Sonderweg is therefore inappropriate.The main part of the archival research for this project having been completed, the process of writing the actual dissertation is about to begin. It is only going to be interrupted by one brief visit to Lisbon archives and is expected to be completed by February 2015. The completion is subject, though, to the release of funds for a third year which we hereby request.

到1961年，殖民地问题已成为葡萄牙新国家政治议程上的中心问题。该政权不仅在整个1960年代和70年代初不断受到压力，要求为其顽固的殖民政策辩护。此外，它还必须证明在安哥拉、莫桑比克和几内亚比绍进行三线战争的必要性是合法的。因此，本研究项目分析了1961年至1974年期间葡萄牙的殖民辩论。它追溯了这场辩论中的主导利益和主旨，这场辩论在非官方圈子（如反对派团体和天主教组织）中的主导程度与政府精英一样强烈。随着档案研究的大部分完成，证据清楚地表明，对于专制政权来说，帝国首先构成了自我合法化的来源。然而，除了共产党之外，反对派也在很大程度上支持该政权的殖民计划，形成了支持维持殖民帝国的广泛共识。虽然1961年后殖民危机的争论和拟议的解决方案变得更加多样化，但反殖民主义运动从未建立起来。总的来说，葡萄牙殖民地问题的辩论尽管有所拖延，但其中心思想与其他欧洲国家的殖民地问题辩论相似;因此，葡萄牙“特别道路”的概念是不恰当的。本项目的档案研究的主要部分已经完成，论文的写作过程即将开始。它只会因对里斯本档案馆的一次短暂访问而中断，预计将于2015年2月完成。不过，完成这项工作需要我们在此要求的第三年的资金。