Total Synthesis Toolkit for Constructing Ternary Hybrid Nanoparticles

在这项由化学系高分子、超分子和纳米化学计划资助的项目中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的Raymond E.Schaak将研究纳米颗粒(几十亿分之一米大小的颗粒)的形成，这些纳米颗粒包含三种不同的接触物质成分。这种纳米粒子在能源、光学、医学和催化等领域具有重要而独特的应用特性。然而，这些纳米粒子可能很难以一种既可预测又可控制的方式制造。该项目将揭示三组分纳米颗粒是如何形成的重要的新见解，并产生新的化学工具，以满足其目标应用的特定设计标准。不同的学生群体将参与这个项目，研究结果还将用于开发新的实验室和课堂学习模块。混合无机纳米颗粒将多种不同的材料整合到一个颗粒中，提供多功能和协同特性，支持在太阳能转换、纳米光子学、生物医学和催化等领域的新兴应用。大多数杂化纳米粒子的例子都涉及双组分体系或杂二聚体。杂三聚体是三组分的杂化纳米粒子，具有更高的复杂性和功能多样性，以及这些应用所需的独特材料特性。然而，杂三聚体体系中不同的材料配置(A-B-C和C-A-B)会导致不同的性质，因此需要精确控制每种材料组分的相对位置。该项目将对杂化纳米颗粒的形成、稳定性和化学反应活性提供重要的新知识和理解。这些结果有望使具有精确控制构型和空间排列的纳米颗粒杂三聚体的可预测合成成为可能。该项目将为本科生和研究生提供多学科培训，并作为新的实验室和课堂学习模块的平台。

In this project funded by the Macromolecular, Supramolecular, and Nanochemistry Program of the Chemistry Division, Raymond E. Schaak of the Pennsylvania State University will study the formation of nanoparticles (particles on the scale of a few billionths of a meter) that contain three distinct material components in contact. Such nanoparticles offer important and unique properties for applications in energy, optics, medicine, and catalysis. However, these nanoparticles can be difficult to make in a way that is both predictable and controllable. This project will reveal important new insights into how three-component nanoparticles form, as well as generate new chemical tools for making them in a way that meets specific design criteria for their target applications. A diverse group of students will participate in this project, and the research results will also feed into the development of new laboratory and classroom learning modules.Hybrid inorganic nanoparticles that incorporate multiple distinct materials into a single particle offer multi-functionality and synergistic properties that underpin emerging applications in solar energy conversion, nanophotonics, biomedicine, and catalysis. Most examples of hybrid nanoparticles involve two-component systems, or heterodimers. Heterotrimers, which are three-component hybrid nanoparticles, offer greater complexity and functional diversity, as well as unique materials characteristics that are required by these applications. However, different materials configurations within a heterotrimer system (A-B-C vs. C-A-B) can lead to different properties, and therefore precise control over the relative locations of each material component is required. This project will provide significant new knowledge and understanding about the formation, stability, and chemical reactivity of hybrid nanoparticles. These results are anticipated to enable the predictable synthesis of nanoparticle heterotrimers with precisely controlled configurations and spatial arrangements. This project will provide multi-disciplinary training for both undergraduate and graduate students, and also serve as a platform for the new laboratory and classroom learning modules.