CHS: Small: Toward a More Reflective Approach to 3D Model Building

最近3D打印的急剧崛起和20世纪80年代桌面打印的兴起之间有一些相似之处，但这两种现象之间也有一个主要区别：尽管利用新型个人激光打印机的功能创建数字文档相对容易，但要创建能够利用新型3D打印机潜力的复杂3D模型却要困难得多。3D打印工作周期需要高水平的技能，但最简单的模型，并受阻于设计和生产过程之间的分离。3D打印新物体的设计通常需要使用计算机辅助设计软件，但使用这种软件来构建物理对象与传统的3D工艺活动形成鲜明对比，传统的3D工艺活动可以同时进行设计和施工，例如在陶器中，可以将粘土卷成圆形图案沉积以创建碗。在这样的物理工艺中，设计师和手头的材料之间的密切互动建立了一个持续的反射反馈循环，促进更快地趋同于令人满意的设计。该项目将简化新工件的创建，通过直接弥合物理动手设计和3D打印对象的数字建模之间的差距，通过创建一支笔，可以通过在物理空间中沉积粘土，蜡或塑料线圈有效地绘制3D，同时使用相同的运动和沉积材料来创建对象的数字3D模型，然后可以用3D打印机打印。该项目将同时解决许多挑战。(1)在建立物理模型的材料沉积方面，该项目将在现有的D-Coil挤压系统的基础上，广泛探索沉积的物理材料，以找到一种可以平滑稳定地挤压，干燥时收缩最小，允许独立和悬垂结构，并且具有视觉吸引力的材料。(2)该项目不仅将探索增材操作，还将探索减法操作，这将允许设计师对已挤出的物理模型进行铣削或钻孔，并将这些减法记录在相应的数字3D模型中。(3)该项目将探索不同的方式，让设计师与他们的3D打印对象的物理实例进行更紧密，更反射的循环，而不是目前通过为设计师提供快速，增量，中等分辨率的打印输出来创建它。这种迭代的方法将通过各种创新来探索，例如通过扩展现有的3D打印机来允许更优化的打印机运动调度，以及通过开发技术来确保在打印机中物体被移除以进行检查和考虑后适当地重新排列。

There is something of a parallel between the recent dramatic rise of 3D printing and the rise of desktop printing in the 1980s, but there is also a major difference between these two phenomena: While it was relatively easy to create digital documents that could leverage the capabilities of the new personal laser printers, it is proving far more difficult to create complex 3D models that can leverage the potential of the new 3D printers. The 3D printing work cycle requires a high level of skill for all but the simplest models, and is hampered by the separation between the design and production processes. The design of new objects for 3D printing generally requires the use computer-aided design software, but using such software to build physical objects stands in sharp contrast with traditional 3D craft activities in which design and construction can occur at the same time, such as in pottery in which coils of clay can be depositing in a circular pattern to create a bowl. In such physical craftwork, the intimate interaction between the designer and the material at hand establishes a constant reflective feedback loop promoting faster convergence towards a satisfactory design. This project will simplify the creation of new artifacts by directly bridging the gap between the physical hands-on design and digital modeling of objects for 3D printing by creating a pen that can effectively draw in 3D by depositing clay, wax, or plastic coils in physical space, while simultaneously using the same movements and depositing of material to create a digital 3D model of the object that could then be printed with a 3D printer.The project will address numerous challenges in parallel. (1) In terms of the depositing of material to build a physical model, the project will build on the existing D-Coil extrusion system but broadly explore the physical material that is deposited to find one that can be smoothly and steadily extruded, that dries with minimal shrinkage, that permits free standing and overhanging structures, and that is visually appealing. (2) The project will explore not just additive operations, but also subtractive, which would permit a designer to mill or drill a physical model that has been extruded and have these reductions registered in the corresponding digital 3D model. (3) The project will explore different ways to engage a designer in a tighter, more reflective loop with the physical instantiation of their 3D printed object than is currently possible by providing the designer with a quick, incremental, medium-resolution printout as they create it. This more iterative approach will be explored through a variety of innovations, such as by extending existing 3D printers to permit more optimal scheduling of printer movements, and by developing techniques to ensure proper realignment of the object in the printer after it has been removed for inspection and consideration.