Support for 2014 Gordon Research Conference and Gordon Research Seminar on Experimental Rock Deformation

该项目支持美国的早期职业科学家参加两年一次的戈登实验岩石变形研究会议和相关的戈登研究研讨会。会议汇集了国内和国际的研究人员，他们在实验室中研究岩石和矿物在各种应力、压力和温度条件下的行为，以了解地壳和地幔的变形。会议的重点是前沿话题，包括断层带的结构、过程和行为，特别强调地震机制。其他部分将重点讨论地球物质断裂和流动的详细机制，碳氢化合物和二氧化碳储层的储存和运输特性，以及实验研究可能对了解其他行星的影响。相关的研讨会为研究生、博士后研究员和早期职业研究人员提供专业发展的机会，并就他们的研究进行重点讨论。通过对早期职业科学家和学生的支持，该项目有助于STEM劳动力的发展，并支持妇女和代表性不足的少数民族充分参与STEM。该项目为参加2014年8月17日至22日在新罕布什尔州安多弗举行的戈登研究会议“岩石结构演变：从颗粒尺度到行星尺度”的美国早期职业专家和学生提供旅行和注册支持。岩石变形会议系列突出了脆性和延性岩石力学的最新研究和未来趋势，具有实验，现场和理论贡献。会议的中心议题包括：1)断层解剖、断层强度、瞬态滑动和地震周期中的流体压力演化；2)韧性剪切带水化、粒度演化及其对板块动力学的启示；3)快速发展的x射线成像技术，使岩石变形实验研究发生了革命性的变化，首次可以量化变形岩石中不断变化的微观结构和孔隙分布，揭示基本的水-化学-热-力学耦合；4)页岩气开采和地质二氧化碳封存的潜力和风险；5)岩石变形研究与行星探测的相关性。该项目还支持将于8月16日至17日与岩石变形戈登研究会议一起举行的首届岩石变形戈登研究研讨会。该研讨会专为研究生、博士后研究员和其他具有相当经验和教育水平的科学家设计，重点关注岩石变形的机制和含义，重点是1)在多个时间和长度尺度上运行的过程，促进从实验室到地球的外推，以及2)阐明组成复杂系统的力学的困难和进展。

This project supports the participation of U.S. based early career scientists in the biannual Gordon Research Conference on Experimental Rock Deformation and the associated Gordon Research Seminar. The conference assembles national and international researchers who study the behavior of rocks and minerals under various stress, pressure, and temperature conditions in the laboratory in order to understand deformation of the Earth's crust and mantle. The conference focuses on cutting-edge topics that include fault zone structure, processes, and behavior with particular emphasis on earthquake mechanisms. Other session focus on the detailed mechanisms of fracture and flow of Earth materials, the storage and transport properties of hydrocarbon and CO2 reservoirs, and the implications experimental studies may have in the understanding of other planets. The associated seminar provides graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and early career researchers opportunity for professional development and focused discussions about their research. Through support of early career scientists and students, the project contributes to the development of STEM workforce and also supports full participation of women and underrepresented minorities in STEM.This project provides funding for travel and registration support to U.S. based early-career professionals and students to attend the Gordon Research Conference "Evolving Rock Structure: From Grain-Scale to Planet-Scale", which will be held in Andover, NH from August 17-22, 2014. The Rock Deformation conference series highlights the latest research and future trends in brittle and ductile rock mechanics, with experimental, field and theoretical contributions. Central themes for the conference include: 1) fault anatomy, fault strength, transient slip, and fluid pressure evolution during the earthquake cycle; 2) hydration and grain size evolution of ductile shear zones and their implications for plate dynamics; 3) fast developing X-ray imaging technologies, which revolutionize experimental rock deformation research by allowing, for the first time, the quantification of evolving microstructures and pore distributions in a deforming rock to reveal fundamental hydro-chemo-thermo-mechanical couplings; 4) the potentials and risks associated with shale gas extraction and geological carbon dioxide sequestration; 5) the relevance of rock deformation research for planetary exploration. The project also supports the inaugural Rock Deformation Gordon Research Seminar to be held August 16-17 in conjunction with the Rock Deformation Gordon Research Conference. The seminar, designed for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and other scientists with comparable levels of experience and education, focuses on the mechanisms and implications of rock deformation with an emphasis on 1) processes that operate on multiple time and length scales, facilitating extrapolation from laboratory to Earth, and 2) difficulties and progress in elucidating the mechanics of compositionally complex systems.