RAPID: Mitigation of Threatened Cultural Resources at the Shaktoolik Airport Site

这笔快速赠款用于对阿拉斯加西北部沙克图利克机场遗址(NOB-072)迫在眉睫的考古资源进行测绘和小规模测试。研究小组在2013年访问了这一地点，并注意到大量集中在图勒晚期(约公元1400年)至早期接触时期？豪斯？大萧条。这种房屋集中包括看起来像是公社或仪式上的人的东西？S的房子(伊努皮亚克的卡里吉/卡吉或尤皮克的卡斯吉)，这是一座建筑，已经被民族志记录下来，但很少进行考古调查。然而，这个地点位于一片低洼的土地上，由于海洋风暴和河流冲刷的增加，海岸侵蚀和洪水正在迫在眉睫地破坏着这片土地。此外，融化的永久冻土是不是减少了文物和遗址的保存？这曾经使北极成为考古的一个特殊地方。这种快速发展的智力价值是很高的。鉴于居住的数量和密度，这个遗址在阿拉斯加史前的图勒时期是独一无二的。建造礼仪性房屋的可能性增加了该遗址的独特性，因为这样的特征在阿拉斯加北部很少见。此外，这个特殊的遗址跨越了史前到历史时期，这是一个相当大的文化、经济和社会变革时期，包括与小冰河时代的结束和19世纪中期北部驯鹿种群的崩溃相称的大规模流行病(即尤皮克领土在收缩，伊努皮亚克领土在扩大)。Shaktoolik遗址是Inupiat人、Yupiit人、Athbaskans人、俄罗斯人和美国人之间早期贸易的纽带，有可能揭示这一早期历史时期及其不断变化的经济和社会联盟在Inupiat扩张中所起的作用。由于机场选址位于土著村庄Shaktoolik的郊区，它为当地社区参与研究提供了一个极好的机会，因此该项目的更广泛影响也很高。皮达尔温特制定了一项强有力的计划，将社区成员纳入研究，包括在现场测试中培训和直接雇用当地青年。此外，通过对遗址进行测绘和测试进行的勘探和缓解将有助于科学家和社区成员更深入地了解当地和区域文化遗产，并有可能为子孙后代、社区成员和科学家保护重要信息。此外，这项研究还为UCD研究生提供了培训，并为未来的学位论文项目提供了潜力。

This RAPID grant funds mapping and small-scale testing of imminently threatened archaeological resources at the Shaktoolik Airport heritage site (NOB-072) in northwestern Alaska. The research team visited this site in 2013 and noted a large concentration of more than 25 late Thule (ca. AD 1400) to early contact period ?house? depressions. This house concentration includes what appears to be a communal or ceremonial men?s house (Karigi/Qargi in Inupiaq or Qasgiq in Yup'ik), a structure that has been documented ethnographically but rarely investigated archaeologically. However, this site is located on a low-lying spit of land that is in immediate danger of being destroyed by coastal erosion and flooding from increased ocean storminess and river outwash. In addition, melting permafrost is lessening artifact and site preservation ? something that once made the Arctic an exceptional place for archaeology. The intellectual merit of this RAPID is high. Given the number and density of dwellings, this site is unique to the Thule period in Alaskan prehistory. The potential for a ceremonial house increases the uniqueness of the site, as such features are rare in northern Alaska. In addition, this particular site spans the prehistoric to historical period, which was a time of considerable cultural, economic, and social transformation including massive epidemics commensurate with the end of the Little Ice Age and collapse of the northern caribou population in the mid-1800s (i.e., Yup'ik territories were contracting and Inupiaq territories expanding). Shaktoolik site was the nexus of early trading among Inupiat, Yupiit, Athbaskans, Russians and Americans and has the potential to shed light on the role this early historic period and its shifting economic and social alliances played in the Inupiat expansion. Because the Airport site is located on the outskirts of the Native village of Shaktoolik it offers an excellent opportunity for local community involvement in the research, and thus the broader impacts for this project is also high. PI Darwent has developed a robust plan for the inclusion of community members in the research, including training and directly employing local youth in the site testing. In addition, the exploration and mitigation through mapping and testing of the site will assist the scientists and community members in gaining a deeper understanding of local and regional cultural heritage, and has the potential to safe guard important information for future generations, community members and scientists alike. In addition, the research offers training to UCD graduate students and potential for future dissertation projects.