SusChEM: Ultra-High Li+ Ion Conductivity Chemically Stable Mechanically Strong Mixed Oxy-Sulfide Solid Electrolytes

用于电动和混合动力汽车的锂电池存在许多问题。目前的设计可以容纳理论能量含量的10%，含有高度易燃的有机液体，相对昂贵，而且寿命不如典型的汽车长。需要新的材料来解决这些问题。特别是，先进的陶瓷材料有可能通过制造高容量、安全、低成本和持久的固态锂电池来解决这些问题。为此，本研究将把氧和硫结合到这些电池中使用的陶瓷材料中，以制造具有理想性能的新型氧硫化物陶瓷材料。该项目的总体目标是开发和研究这种用于锂电池的新型混合氧硫陶瓷材料。氧化物材料安全且具有良好的机械强度，而硫化物材料允许快速锂离子转移，以实现快速放电和再充电。该项目还旨在通过指导和领导活动促进学生在本研究背景下的学习和专业发展。为了扩大参与，爱荷华州立大学现有的成功项目将用于与以少数族裔为重点的机构和少数族裔项目合作，为来自科学和工程领域代表性不足群体的学生提供研究经验。该项目还将与联邦政府实验室和从事汽车电池研究的汽车公司合作。技术描述该项目的总体目标是开发和研究一类新的混合氧-硫化物陶瓷，用于可扩展电化学储能系统中的固态锂电池。全氧化物固体电解质具有优异的化学耐久性和良好的机械强度，但必须在非常高的温度下加工，并且锂离子电导率对于汽车应用来说太低。全硫化物固体电解质具有极高的锂离子电导率，可以在室温下容易加工，但与空气和水分都非常活跃。该项目将研究混合氧-硫化物固体电解质的潜力，以提供与氧化物和硫化物陶瓷材料相关的理想特性。对全硫化物固体电解质的初步研究表明，在电解质中加入分子氧降低了锂离子通过取代桥接硫传导的体积应变能。该项目将研究这种新的混合氧-硫化物混合网络，以同时降低电导率活化能的应变和库仑分量。新的固态化学物质有望带来高导电性、高化学耐久性和机械强度高的混合氧硫化物基固体电解质。该项目还旨在通过指导和领导活动促进学生在本研究背景下的学习和专业发展。为了扩大参与，爱荷华州立大学现有的成功项目将用于与以少数族裔为重点的机构和少数族裔项目合作，为来自科学和工程领域代表性不足群体的学生提供研究经验。该项目还将与联邦政府实验室和从事汽车电池研究的汽车公司合作。

Principal Investigator: Steve W. MartinNumber: 1438223Lithium batteries used in electric and hybrid vehicles suffer from many problems. Current designs can hold 10% of their theoretical amount of energy content, contain highly flammable organic liquids, are relatively costly, and do not last as long as a typical automobile. New materials are needed to address these problems. In particular, advanced ceramic materials have the potential to solve these problems by enabling the manufacture of high capacity, safe, low-cost, and long-lasting solid state lithium batteries. Towards this end, this research will incorporate both oxygen and sulfur into the ceramic material used in these batteries to make new oxygen-sulfide ceramic materials with desirable properties. The overall goal of this project is to develop and study this new class of mixed oxy-sulfide ceramic materials for lithium batteries. Oxide materials are safe and have good mechanical strength, whereas sulfide materials allow for the fast lithium ion transfer needed for rapid electricity discharge and re-charging. The project is also designed to promote student learning and professional development in the context of this research through mentoring and leadership activities. To broaden participation, existing successful programs at Iowa State University will be used to collaborate with minority-focused institutions and minority programs to provide research experiences for students from underrepresented groups in science and engineering. The project will also collaborate with federal government laboratories and automotive companies engaged in automotive battery research.Technical DescriptionThe overall goal of this project is to develop and study a new class of mixed oxy-sulfide ceramics for use in solid-state lithium batteries in scalable electrochemical energy storage systems. All-oxide solid electrolytes possess excellent chemical durability and good mechanical strength, but have to be processed at very high temperatures, and possess lithium ion conductivities that are too low for automotive applications. All-sulfide solid electrolytes possess extremely high lithium ion conductivities, can be easily processed at room temperature, but are very reactive with both air and moisture. This project will investigate the potential of mixed oxy-sulfide solid electrolytes to provide desirable characteristics associated with both oxide and sulfide ceramic materials. Preliminary work on all-sulfide solid electrolytes has demonstrated that the addition of molecular oxygen to the electrolyte decreased the volumetric strain energy for lithium ion conduction by replacing bridging sulfurs. This project will study this new mixed oxy-sulfide mixed network for the potential to simultaneously reduce both the strain and coulomb components of the conductivity activation energy. The new solid-state chemistries are expected to lead to high conductivity, high chemical durability, and mechanically strong mixed oxy-sulfide based solid electrolytes. The project is also designed to promote student learning and professional development in the context of this research through mentoring and leadership activities. To broaden participation, existing successful programs at Iowa State University will be used to collaborate with minority-focused institutions and minority programs to provide research experiences for students from underrepresented groups in science and engineering. The project will also collaborate with federal government laboratories and automotive companies engaged in automotive battery research.