RSB: A Decision and Design Framework for Multi-Hazard Resilient and Sustainable Buildings

建筑物是人类设计和建造的最复杂和最耗费资源的物体之一。建筑物为居住者提供保护，使其免受多种自然灾害，如风暴和地震。建造和运营日常使用的建筑物消耗了大量的能源、水和物质资源，并对生态系统、人类健康和全球气候产生了相关的环境影响。目前的研究和设计方法既没有以统一的方式处理来自多种危险的风险，也没有全面地解决建筑物的环境影响。最关键的是，这些方法没有系统地将建筑物内各种系统的可持续性和复原力结合起来。这项研究将创建一个以科学为基础的框架，以设计既能在面临多种危险时保持其功能的弹性，又可持续地减少对居住者和环境的不利影响的建筑。设计更健康、更高效、更具适应性和弹性的建筑有利于国家的生态健康、经济繁荣和人类福祉。设计、建造和运营弹性和可持续建筑需要来自建筑、工程、经济和社会科学领域的跨学科专业知识，以仔细权衡各种选择并做出明智的决定。这项研究将通过汇集多个跨学科研究活动来调查支持决策者的框架，这些活动量化建筑物在面临不利事件时的功能性能，旨在针对多种危险(包括地震、风和洪水)保持一致的弹性，并衡量建筑物在其使用期限内对环境的影响。考虑到由多种危害引起的风险，将评估土壤、基础、结构和围护结构系统的每个元素的响应及其相互作用，以量化损害，并反过来将其转化为主要的弹性指标：建筑功能的退化和恢复时间。将使用概率方法来考虑需求和容量的不确定性，并量化建筑物在使用寿命内的弹性，考虑到它将面临的多种危险以及正常情况下的退化。作为这一过程的一部分，将对根据现行规范设计的建筑物的多种危险进行弹性量化，并将结果用于提出新的设计概念，以实现一致的弹性。将使用生命周期评估来量化环境影响和经济成本，以评估可持续性。最后，结果将被整合到决策框架中，在该框架中，弹性、可持续性和经济成本在建筑的使用寿命内被量化，并与社会影响一起用于选择既有弹性又可持续的替代土-基础-结构-围护结构建筑系统设计。

Buildings are among the most complex and resource-intensive objects designed and built by humans. Buildings shelter occupants from multiple natural hazards, such as windstorms and earthquakes. Constructing and operating buildings for daily use consumes considerable energy, water, and material resources, and has associated environmental effects on ecosystems, human health, and the global climate. Current research and design approaches neither treat the risks from multiple hazards in a uniform way nor comprehensively address the environmental impacts of buildings. Most critically, these approaches do not systematically integrate sustainability and resilience over the lifespan of the various systems in a building. This research will create a science-based framework to design buildings that are both resilient to preserve their function in the face of multiple hazards and are also sustainable to reduce the adverse impacts on occupants and the environment. Designing healthier, more efficient, adaptable, and resilient buildings benefits the nation's ecological health, economic prosperity, and human welfare. Designing, building, and operating resilient and sustainable buildings requires interdisciplinary expertise from the fields of architecture, engineering, economics, and social science to carefully weigh various options and make informed decisions. This research will investigate a framework to support decision makers by drawing together a number of interdisciplinary research activities that quantify the functional performance of buildings in the face of adverse events, aim at a consistent resilience across multiple hazards (including earthquakes, wind, and floods), and measure the environmental impact of buildings during their lifespan. Given the risks due to multiple hazards, the response of each element of the soil, foundation, structure, and envelope system and their interactions wiil be evaluated to quantify damage, and in turn translate it into the primary resilience metrics: degradation of building function and time to recovery. A probabilistic approach will be used to account for uncertainties in demands and capacities and quantify resilience over a building's lifespan, factoring in the multiple hazards it will face as well as normal deterioration. As part of this process, resilience will be quantified for multiple hazards of buildings designed according to current codes and the results will be used to propose a new design concept for consistent resilience. Life-cycle assessment will be used to quantify environmental impacts and economic costs to evaluate sustainability. Finally, the results will be integrated into a decision framework in which resilience, sustainability, and economic costs are quantified over the lifespan of the building and used with social impacts to select among alternative soil-foundation-structure-envelope building system designs that are both resilient and sustainable.