Quantification and Analysis of the Decisions of Economically and Environmentally Informed Travelers in Urban Networks

城市网络中经济和环境知情旅行者决策的量化和分析

• 批准号: 1462289
• 负责人: Ricardo Daziano
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1462289&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantification; Analysis; Decisions; Economically; Environmentally

Aiming at promoting optimal use of transportation infrastructure, the purpose of this project is to quantify and analyze the effects of information provision about energy and environmental costs on travel demand. In addition, this project will identify the most effective instruments to provide information to the travelers. A specific goal of this project is to investigate the mechanisms that travelers use to gather and process information about the actual environmental and energy costs of transportation. These mechanisms will be then used to produce estimates of the willingness to pay of commuters for reducing their travel footprint and to identify the best way of communicating environmental information. An additional goal is to measure the potential efficiency gains in the use of transportation infrastructure when commuters receive information about the actual costs of travel. Finally, the value of the consideration of complete costs for strategic and tactical planning of urban sustainability will be analyzed in a practical setting. More specifically, the transportation-planning model of New York City will be extended to consider economically and environmentally informed travelers. Educational and outreach efforts will include construction of a free community-based application with a web-based version that will provide customized emission information and tips to educate travelers on how to act to reduce their travel footprint. Information and interaction sessions with metropolitan planning organizations will be organized to share the policy results and tools that will come out from this study. One of the main research tasks of this project is the derivation of an econometric approach for travel mode and route choice models to elucidate the behavioral effects of generalized cost information -including energy consumption and emissions. An expected contribution of the econometric approach is the formulation of discrete choice experiments with treatments in the definition of the alternative attributes. The choice situations in this case will include differing treatments on how information about emissions is presented (or omitted), and controlled mechanisms for offsetting those emissions. The econometric approach will result in the estimation of the economic valuation of transportation externalities. Using a semi-parametric formulation, the economic valuation estimates will allow for heterogeneous travelers without imposing restrictive assumptions about how environmental preferences vary across the population. These estimates will be then integrated into the analysis of transportation network equilibrium, and into the design of advanced transportation information systems that are dynamic, consider multiple attributes, and constantly update the information being provided. Regarding network models, this project will analyze consideration of a stochastic feature in link cost estimation rather than in route choice, with the aim of updating current planning models of major metropolitan areas without the need for computationally expensive changes.

本课题以促进交通基础设施的最佳利用为目标，对能源和环境成本信息的提供对交通需求的影响进行量化分析。此外，该项目将确定向旅行者提供信息的最有效手段。该项目的一个具体目标是调查旅行者用来收集和处理有关运输的实际环境和能源成本的信息的机制。这些机制随后将被用于估算通勤者为减少其旅行足迹而支付费用的意愿，并确定传播环境信息的最佳方式。另一个目标是衡量在通勤者收到关于实际旅行费用的信息时，在使用交通基础设施方面可能提高的效率。最后，将在一个实际的环境中分析考虑城市可持续性的战略和战术规划的完全成本的价值。更具体地说，纽约市的交通规划模式将扩大到考虑经济和环境方面的知情旅行者。教育和推广工作将包括建立一个免费的基于社区的应用程序，其网络版本将提供定制的排放信息和提示，以教育旅行者如何采取行动减少其旅行足迹。将组织与大都市规划组织的信息和互动会议，以分享这项研究的政策成果和工具。 该项目的主要研究任务之一是推导出行方式和路线选择模型的计量经济学方法，以阐明广义成本信息（包括能源消耗和排放）的行为效应。计量经济学方法的一个预期贡献是制定离散选择实验与治疗的替代属性的定义。在这种情况下，选择的情况将包括如何提供（或省略）有关排放的信息的不同处理方法，以及抵消这些排放的受控机制。计量经济学方法将导致对运输外部性的经济价值的估计。使用半参数公式，经济估值估计将考虑到不同的旅客，而不会对不同人群的环境偏好进行限制性假设。这些估计将被整合到运输网络平衡的分析中，并被整合到先进的运输信息系统的设计中，这些系统是动态的，考虑多种属性，并不断更新所提供的信息。关于网络模型，本项目将分析在链路成本估计中而不是在路线选择中考虑随机特征，目的是更新主要大都市区的当前规划模型，而无需进行计算上昂贵的更改。