Quantification and Analysis of the Decisions of Economically and Environmentally Informed Travelers in Urban Networks

城市网络中经济和环境知情旅行者决策的量化和分析

• 批准号: 1462289
• 负责人: Ricardo Daziano
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1462289&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantification; Analysis; Decisions; Economically; Environmentally

Aiming at promoting optimal use of transportation infrastructure, the purpose of this project is to quantify and analyze the effects of information provision about energy and environmental costs on travel demand. In addition, this project will identify the most effective instruments to provide information to the travelers. A specific goal of this project is to investigate the mechanisms that travelers use to gather and process information about the actual environmental and energy costs of transportation. These mechanisms will be then used to produce estimates of the willingness to pay of commuters for reducing their travel footprint and to identify the best way of communicating environmental information. An additional goal is to measure the potential efficiency gains in the use of transportation infrastructure when commuters receive information about the actual costs of travel. Finally, the value of the consideration of complete costs for strategic and tactical planning of urban sustainability will be analyzed in a practical setting. More specifically, the transportation-planning model of New York City will be extended to consider economically and environmentally informed travelers. Educational and outreach efforts will include construction of a free community-based application with a web-based version that will provide customized emission information and tips to educate travelers on how to act to reduce their travel footprint. Information and interaction sessions with metropolitan planning organizations will be organized to share the policy results and tools that will come out from this study. One of the main research tasks of this project is the derivation of an econometric approach for travel mode and route choice models to elucidate the behavioral effects of generalized cost information -including energy consumption and emissions. An expected contribution of the econometric approach is the formulation of discrete choice experiments with treatments in the definition of the alternative attributes. The choice situations in this case will include differing treatments on how information about emissions is presented (or omitted), and controlled mechanisms for offsetting those emissions. The econometric approach will result in the estimation of the economic valuation of transportation externalities. Using a semi-parametric formulation, the economic valuation estimates will allow for heterogeneous travelers without imposing restrictive assumptions about how environmental preferences vary across the population. These estimates will be then integrated into the analysis of transportation network equilibrium, and into the design of advanced transportation information systems that are dynamic, consider multiple attributes, and constantly update the information being provided. Regarding network models, this project will analyze consideration of a stochastic feature in link cost estimation rather than in route choice, with the aim of updating current planning models of major metropolitan areas without the need for computationally expensive changes.

为了促进运输基础设施的最佳使用，该项目的目的是量化和分析有关能源和环境成本对旅行需求的信息提供的影响。此外，该项目将确定为旅行者提供信息的最有效工具。该项目的一个具体目标是研究旅行者用来收集和处理有关运输实际环境和能源成本的信息的机制。然后，这些机制将用于产生愿意付费通勤者减少旅行足迹并确定传达环境信息的最佳方式的估计。另一个目标是在通勤者收到有关实际旅行成本的信息时，衡量运输基础设施使用的潜在效率提高。最后，将在实践环境中分析全部成本对城市可持续性的战略和战术规划的价值。更具体地说，纽约市的运输规划模型将被扩展到经济和环保的旅行者。教育和推广工作将包括建造一个基于网络的免费社区应用程序，该应用程序将提供定制的排放信息和技巧，以教育旅行者如何采取行动以减少旅行的足迹。将组织与大都会规划组织的信息和互动会议，以分享这项研究将出现的政策结果和工具。 该项目的主要研究任务之一是推导出旅行模式和路线选择模型的计量经济学方法，以阐明广义成本信息的行为影响，包括能源消耗和排放。计量经济学方法的预期贡献是在替代属性定义中使用处理的离散选择实验的制定。在这种情况下，选择情况将包括有关如何提出（或省略）信息的不同治疗方法，以及用于抵消这些排放的受控机制。计量经济学方法将导致对运输外部性的经济估值的估计。使用半参数配方，经济估值估算将允许异质旅行者而不对整个人群的环境偏好造成限制性假设。然后，将将这些估计值集成到运输网络平衡的分析中，并将其设计为动态的高级运输信息系统的设计，考虑多个属性，并不断更新所提供的信息。关于网络模型，该项目将分析链接成本估算中的随机功能，而不是在路线选择中，目的是更新主要大都市地区的当前计划模型，而无需计算昂贵的更改。