High performance Perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells

【摘要】非技术：太阳为人类提供了清洁、丰富的能源，但由于成本高，太阳能尚未得到广泛应用。实现可负担的太阳能光伏（PV）技术的关键是开发既能提供高性能又能降低材料和加工成本的技术。本研究将结合铜铟镓二硒化（CIGS）太阳能电池和有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池两种高性能薄膜太阳能电池技术的优势，实现串联太阳能电池，解决关键问题。该研究将使薄膜太阳能电池的效率从20%提高到30%，并保持低成本。所提出的研究代表了太阳能电池研究的新前沿。它将影响国家和全球在发展新的可持续能源战略和技术方面的努力，从而影响国家经济，并通过减少化石燃料的使用来改善环境质量。该项目的教育部分为学生（从高中到研究生）提供了体验所有这些培训和学习技能的机会，以应对未来的科学挑战。该项目还为本科生培训提供了一个平台，并展示了可再生能源对社会的重要性。技术：本研究的目标是通过减少能量大于带隙的光子产生的热载子的热化损失，从而推进溶液处理钙钛矿/CIGS串联太阳能电池技术，实现高性能（目标效率为30%）。该方法是设计和合成具有高性能和光谱匹配吸收的钙钛矿和CIGS亚电池，以及基于在单片配置中充分考虑电荷产生，电荷分离和传输/收集的最小光和电损失的隧道结。技术途径的核心包括：(1)设计和合成具有高PCEs和光谱匹配吸收的钙钛矿太阳能电池；将进行详细的结构和光谱表征，这是器件制造的基础；(2)应用高性能无机CIGS太阳能电池覆盖近红外（800nm至1200nm）部分；(3)制备基于两种光谱范围内材料的单结器件，实现性能优化；研究这些器件中的电荷产生、电荷分离和输运机制；(4)开发新型纳米功能层和新型混合串联太阳能电池结构，实现太阳能转换最大化；(5)将开发溶液处理透明电极，实现全溶液处理混合串联太阳能电池。一旦成功，这将是第一个达到30%效率的解决方案加工太阳能电池，这是低成本制造高效太阳能电池的重要里程碑。该项目由电气、通信和网络系统部（ECCS）的电子、光子学和磁性器件（EPMD）项目和材料研究部（DMR）的电子和光子材料（EPM）项目共同资助。

AbstractNon-Technical: The sun provides clean and abundant energy source for human being, but solar energy has not been widely used due to the high cost. The key to achieving affordable solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies is to develop techniques that offer both high performance and low material and processing costs. This research will combine the strength of two types of high performance thin film solar cell technologies - copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells to realize tandem solar cells and address key issue. The research will significantly enhance the thin film solar cell efficiency from 20% to 30% and still keep low cost. The proposed research represents a new front in solar cell research society. It will impact national and global efforts in developing new and sustainable energy strategies and technologies, thus impacting the nation's economy and improving environmental quality by reducing the use of fossil fuels. The education component of in this project offers students (from high school to graduate-level) the opportunity to experience all of these trainings and learn the skills to face future scientific challenges. This project also provides a platform for undergraduate training and showcases the importance of renewable energy to society.Technical: The objective of this research is to advance solution processed perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cell technology by reducing thermalization losses of hot carriers generated by photons with larger energies than the bandgap, toward high performance (a target efficiency of 30%). The approach is to design and synthesize both perovskite and CIGS subcells with high performances and spectrum-matched absorption, and a tunnel junction with minimal optical and electric losses, based on full consideration of charge generation, charge separation and transport/collection in a monolithic configuration. The centerpiece of technical approach includes: (1) perovskite solar cell with high PCEs and spectrum-matched absorption will be designed and synthesized; detailed structural and spectroscopic characterizations will be performed, which form the foundation for device fabrication; (2) high performance inorganic CIGS solar cell will be applied to cover the Near-IR (from 800nm to 1200nm) portion; (3) single junction devices based on the materials in the two spectral ranges will be fabricated to achieve optimized performance; charge generation, charge separation and transport mechanism in these devices will be studied; (4) novel nano-functional interlayer and novel geometry of hybrid tandem solar cells will be developed to maximize solar energy conversion; (5) solution processed transparent electrodes will be will be developed to realize all solution process hybrid tandem solar cells. Upon success, this will be the first solution processed solar cell reaching 30% efficiency mark, which is an important milestone for low-cost manufacturing of high efficiency solar cell.This project is jointly funded by the Electronics, Photonics, and Magnetic Devices (EPMD) Program in the Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS) and the Electronic and Photonic Materials (EPM) Program in the Division of Materials Research (DMR).