UNS: Understanding protein adsorption in polysaccaride brushes

医学和生物技术的许多应用涉及接触血液的异物表面。一些应用涉及长期接触血液，如心脏瓣膜置换和支架。其他申请需要中期或短期联系。这些应用包括血液储存和医疗程序，如透析和血液氧合。在这些应用中使用的材料会引起不良的（潜在的灾难性的）血液-物质相互作用，例如血液凝固和炎症。事实上，唯一已知的与流动的全血长期接触相容的表面是血管的内表面。这项工作将开发具有化学和结构特征的新表面，以模仿血管的内表面。我们还将研究如何调整这些新表面的化学和结构，以控制与调节血液物质相互作用（如凝血）的重要血液蛋白的相互作用。这将使我们能够更好地设计用于血液接触应用的材料。这项工作将制备含有糖胺聚糖的致密聚合物刷，糖胺聚糖是血管壁细胞内皮糖萼中的聚阴离子多糖。重要的血液蛋白与这些糖萼模拟物的相互作用将通过单分子荧光显微镜实验进行研究。这些实验将用于测试关于血液相容性如何由蛋白质-表面相互作用和表面蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用决定的新假设。最后，我们将证明糖萼模拟导致血小板粘附和活化减少，并减少血液凝结的倾向。这项工作将有助于更好地理解血液成分与血管壁相互作用防止血液凝固的机制。通过了解血管壁如何防止凝血，我们可以更好地设计血液接触面，用于心血管医学和生物技术的许多应用。这项研究的发现也可能在处理其他复杂蛋白质混合物方面取得进展，例如食品和生物制药行业的蛋白质分离。我们的教育和拓展活动将包括为中学生提供为期一周的暑期短期课程，为低收入和少数族裔学生服务的特许学校的中学生举办研讨会，以及为共同负责人编写的新教科书提供帮助。

#1511830Kipper, Matthew J. Many applications in medicine and biotechnology involve foreign surfaces that contact blood. Some applications involve long-term exposure to blood, such as heart valve replacements and stents. Other applications require intermediate-term or short-term contact. These include applications such as blood storage and medical procedures like dialysis and blood oxygenation. The materials used in these applications induce undesirable (and potentially catastrophic) blood-material interactions, such as blood clotting and inflammation. In fact, the only known surface that is compatible with flowing whole blood for long-term contact is the inside surfaces of blood vessels. This work will develop new surfaces that have chemical and structural features designed to mimic the inside surfaces of blood vessels. We will also study how the chemistry and structure of these new surfaces can be tuned to control interactions with important blood proteins that regulate blood-material interactions, like clotting. This will enable us to better design materials for blood-contacting applications.This work will prepare dense polymer brushes containing glycosaminoglycans, which are the polyanionic polysaccharides in the endothelial glycocalyx presented by the cells lining blood vessel walls. The interactions of important blood proteins with these glycocalyx mimics will be investigated by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy experiments. These experiments will be used to test new hypotheses about how blood-compatibility is determined by protein-surface interactions and protein-protein interactions at surfaces. Finally we will demonstrate that glycocalyx mimics result in reduced platelet adhesion and activation, and decrease the propensity for blood to clot.This work will lead to better understanding of the mechanisms whereby interactions of blood components with blood vessel walls prevent blood clotting. By understanding how the blood vessel wall prevents clotting we can better design blood-contacting surfaces for many applications in cardiovascular medicine and biotechnology. The findings from this research could also lead to advances in handling other complex protein mixtures in applications such as protein separation for the food and biopharmaceutical industries. Our education and outreach activities will include a one-week summer short course for middle school students, a symposium for a middle school students at a charter school that serves low-income and minority students, and contributions to a new textbook being authored by a co-PI.