Replicating Experimental Studies: Moving Beyond Undergraduate Student Samples

复制实验研究：超越本科生样本

• 批准号: 1524522
• 负责人: Jeffrey Lucas
• 金额: $ 9.57万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-15 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1524522&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Replicating; Experimental; Studies; Moving; Beyond

Social scientists have in recent years become increasingly concerned about the extent to which results of experimental studies can be replicated. Although replication is a hallmark of science, social scientists devote relatively little time and attention to replication efforts. Additionally, in the cases when social scientists do attempt strict methodological replications of experimental studies, it is nearly always a case of replicating studies carried out with undergraduate students as participants with studies that have new samples of undergraduate students. Experimentalists rarely pursue methodological replications with samples not comprised of undergraduates. The investigator will attempt to replicate findings in three widely cited experimental studies using a sample of older adults, but also makes new predictions for each study.This research proposes to replicate three important experimental studies from social psychology, each with a focus on gender norms and/or gendered behavior. The replications will be completed with a sample of older adults in an age-restricted retirement community as participants. One of the studies to be replicated is Shelley Correll et al.'s (2007) study on the motherhood penalty, which found that undergraduate students evaluated mothers who were job candidates more negatively than women without children, whereas they evaluated fathers more positively than men without children. A second is Brent Simpson?s (2003) paper which found that women responded relatively more to fear, and men relatively more to greed, when participating in a social dilemma. The third is Rob Willer et al.'s (2013) paper which found that men who had their masculinity threated responded with extreme displays of masculinity, whereas women who had their femininity threatened did not respond with femininity displays. There are a number of reasons to expect that older adults might behave differently in these studies than did college students, although we expect them to behave in some of the same ways (e.g., penalizing mothers relative to non-mothers in the labor market) as well. The results of the studies should advance science in fundamental ways, pursuing an activity that is frequently acknowledged as fundamental to the advancement of science but rarely pursued. Additionally, each replication has the capacity to produce results that are of theoretical and intellectual interest beyond simply determining whether the original results hold in a new sample. The proposed studies also have a significant training component, leading to intensive training in research methods in an innovative setting for three graduate students.

近年来，社会科学家越来越关注实验研究结果的可复制程度。尽管复制是科学的标志，但社会科学家在复制工作上投入的时间和注意力相对较少。此外，在社会科学家尝试严格的实验研究方法复制的情况下，它几乎总是一个复制研究的情况下进行了与本科生作为参与者的研究，有新的样本的本科生。实验主义者很少用不包括本科生的样本进行方法学上的复制。研究者将尝试使用老年人样本复制三项广泛引用的实验研究的结果，但也为每项研究做出新的预测。本研究拟复制三项重要的社会心理学实验研究，每项研究都关注性别规范和/或性别化行为。将在一个年龄限制的退休社区的老年人作为参与者的样本完成复制。Shelley Correll等人进行了一项重复研究。该研究发现，本科生对求职母亲的评价比没有孩子的女性更消极，而对父亲的评价比没有孩子的男性更积极。第二个是布伦特辛普森？S（2003）的论文发现，当参与社会困境时，女性对恐惧的反应相对更大，而男性对贪婪的反应相对更大。第三个是Rob Willer等人。”（2013年）的论文发现，男性受到男性气质威胁时，会表现出极端的男性气质，而女性受到女性气质威胁时，则不会表现出女性气质。有很多理由可以预期，老年人在这些研究中的行为可能与大学生不同，尽管我们预计他们的行为方式有些相同（例如，在劳动力市场上，母亲相对于非母亲受到惩罚）。这些研究的结果应该从根本上推进科学，从事一项经常被认为是科学进步的根本，但很少有人从事的活动。此外，每次重复都有能力产生具有理论和知识意义的结果，而不仅仅是确定原始结果是否适用于新样品。拟议的研究也有一个重要的培训组成部分，导致密集的研究方法在一个创新的设置为三名研究生的培训。