An Experimental Analysis of Status Processes and Self-Handicapping

状态过程和自我设限的实验分析

• 批准号: 0136242
• 负责人: Jeffrey Lucas
• 金额: $ 1.8万
• 依托单位: University of Akron
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-01 至 2004-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0136242&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Analysis; Status; Processes; Self

Jeffrey LucasUniversity of AkronThe investigator will complete a pilot study that examines why men are more likely than females to self-handicap. Individuals self-handicap when they select actions that they are aware will inhibit future performances, usually with the goal of deflecting attention away from one's personal abilities. Research on self-handicapping consistently finds that men are more likely to self-handicap than women across a variety of age groups and settings. Efforts at determining the causes of this difference have met with limited success. There are two potential explanations of the gender difference in self-handicapping. One explanation comes from socialization theories. These theories indicate that males are socialized to be more competitive than females. It may be that males are more concerned with the evaluative outcomes of performances and that this leads to more self- handicapping behaviors. Status processes also may partially account for gender differences in self-handicapping. In US culture in many situations, men tend to have higher status than women do. Theories of status indicate that higher performances are expected from high status group members. The investigator will conduct a controlled laboratory study to test predictions derived from both socialization theories and status characteristics theory. The PI will randomly assign male and female participants to high and low status group positions and measure self- handicapping behavior across gender and status. Pilot data from the study will be used to develop a larger, regular proposal to the National Science Foundation.

研究人员将完成一项初步研究，以调查为什么男性比女性更容易出现自我残疾。当人们意识到自己选择的行为会抑制未来的表现时，他们就会自我阻碍，通常是为了转移人们对个人能力的注意力。关于自我阻碍的研究一致发现，在各种年龄段和环境中，男性比女性更容易自我阻碍。确定这种差异的原因的努力取得了有限的成功。对于自我设限的性别差异，有两种可能的解释。一种解释来自社会化理论。这些理论表明，男性在社会化过程中比女性更具竞争力。这可能是因为男性更关心表现的评价结果，这导致了更多的自我阻碍行为。地位过程也可能部分解释自我设限的性别差异。在美国文化中，在很多情况下，男性的地位往往高于女性。地位理论表明，人们期望地位高的群体成员有更高的表现。研究者将进行一项受控的实验室研究，以测试来自社会化理论和地位特征理论的预测。PI将随机将男性和女性参与者分配到高和低地位群体的位置，并测量性别和地位之间的自我阻碍行为。该研究的试点数据将用于向美国国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation）提交一份更大的定期提案。