DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Evolutionary Puzzle of Warning Coloration

论文研究：警告颜色的进化之谜

• 批准号: 0309278
• 负责人: Jeffrey Lucas
• 金额: $ 0.99万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-01 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0309278&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Evolutionary; Puzzle; Warning

Title: The Evolutionary Puzzle of Warning ColorationName: Jeffrey R. Lucas and Adam Robert BoykoAbstract: Many toxic animals advertise their distastefulness with bright warning patterns. These patterns help predators learn to avoid them, but how the patterns evolve is poorly understood. When a warning pattern first arises, predators are unfamiliar with it and attack the pattern disproportionately. Only after many individuals share the new pattern do predators learn to avoid them. It is difficult to explain how new warning patterns overcome their initial disadvantage, yet warning patterns have not only evolved in numerous species, but they have diversified extensively in many of them. In the Heliconius genus of tropical butterflies, new warning patterns have evolved dozens of times in some species but only once in others. Evolutionary theory predicts that differences in population structure between these species are responsible for their different diversification rates, but this theory is unproven. In this study, the structure of natural populations of Heliconius inhabiting isolated treefall gaps will be measured. This research will be combined with computational simulations of warning pattern evolution in Heliconius to see if evolutionary theory correctly predicts the observed rates of warning pattern diversification in this genus. Alternatively, differences in sexual selection between Heliconius species may account for the different diversification rates by promoting or constraining color pattern evolution. To examine this possibility, mate choice and mate competition will be studied in greenhouse colonies of these species.

标题：警告颜色的进化之谜姓名：杰弗里R。卢卡斯和亚当罗伯特博伊科摘要：许多有毒动物广告他们的厌恶与明亮的警告模式。 这些模式帮助捕食者学会避开它们，但人们对这些模式是如何演变的知之甚少。 当一个警告模式第一次出现时，捕食者不熟悉它，并且不成比例地攻击该模式。 只有在许多个体分享了新的模式后，捕食者才学会避开它们。 很难解释新的警告模式是如何克服它们最初的劣势的，然而，警告模式不仅在许多物种中进化出来，而且在其中许多物种中已经广泛多样化。在Heliconius属的热带蝴蝶中，新的警告模式在某些物种中进化了几十次，但在其他物种中只有一次。 进化理论预测，这些物种之间的种群结构差异是造成它们不同多样化率的原因，但这一理论尚未得到证实。 在这项研究中，将测量居住在孤立树落间隙中的蝎蛉自然种群的结构。 这项研究将与Heliconius警告模式进化的计算机模拟相结合，看看进化理论是否正确预测了观察到的警告模式多样化的速度。 另外，Heliconius物种之间的性选择的差异可能会导致不同的多样化率，促进或限制颜色模式的演变。 为了检验这种可能性，将在这些物种的温室群体中研究配偶选择和配偶竞争。