A Test Of Seasonal Models Of Early Holocene Subsistence And Settlement Strategies

密歇根大学人类学考古博物馆的John O 'Shea博士和一个由考古学家，计算机科学家和生态学家组成的跨学科团队将调查五大湖地区的早期占领，这些地区现在被淹没。 大陆冰盖的消融导致了新形成的五大湖水位的大幅波动。 与高水位有关的考古遗址保存在陆地上，而与低水位有关的考古遗址则隐藏在五大湖之下。 在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，研究表明，与主要低水位（斯坦利湖阶段，9900- 7500年前）相关的遗址被保存在水下，并提供了一个独特的早期人类居住记录，这段时间在陆地上知之甚少。 这项研究将提供一个早期定居和生存的观点，这是在陆地上无法实现的，并填补了人类社会如何适应冰河时代结束时不断变化的环境条件的理解的关键空白。 这项研究将提供关于史前驯鹿种群和采购的重要比较数据，补充历史和人种学来源的资料，并提供五大湖这一重要过渡时期的详细环境和生态记录。 该研究将在广泛的学科之间建立协同互动，促进美国和加拿大学者之间的国际合作，并为美国研究生和本科生提供国际研究经验。 它还将有助于为水下研究制定具有成本效益的创新办法。 调查结果将通过博物馆展览、研讨会和公开讲座广泛传播给关注五大湖环境变化的当代学者和公众。奥谢博士和研究小组将调查休伦湖下的阿尔佩纳-安伯利岭（AAR），在最极端的低水位阶段，它是连接密歇根州北方和安大略南部的旱地走廊。 AAR的独特设置将被用来评估一系列的问题，根据最近的例子驯鹿狩猎适应北方环极地区的季节性和组织性质的人类职业。 这项研究还将调查这些早期全新世的战略如何转变为广泛的经济，特点是后期在五大湖的冰川期。 实地调查将使用声纳和遥控车辆（ROV）对湖底一系列四个微区域内的考古遗址进行精细的远程测绘，并由接受过潜水训练的考古学家对保存的遗址进行测试和挖掘。

Dr. John O'Shea, of the University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, and an interdisciplinary team of archaeologists, computer scientists, and ecologists will investigate the early occupation of the Great Lakes region as preserved on landscapes that are now submerged. The withdrawal of the continental ice sheets resulted in large fluctuations in the water levels of the newly formed Great Lakes. While archaeological sites associated with high water levels are preserved on land, those associated with low water stages are hidden beneath the Great Lakes. With NSF support it has been shown that sites associated with the primary low water stand (Lake Stanley stage, 9900- 7500 years ago) are preserved underwater and provide a unique record of the early human occupation during a time that is very poorly known on land. This research will provide a view of the early settlement and subsistence that is unattainable on land, and fill a critical gap in the understanding of how human societies adjusted to changing environmental circumstances at the end of the Ice Age. The research will provide important comparative data on prehistoric caribou populations and procurement that will complement accounts from historical and ethnographic sources, and provide a detailed environmental and ecological record of this important transition time in the Great Lakes. The research will create synergistic interactions among a broad range of academic disciplines, promote international collaboration among American and Canadian scholars, and provide international research experience for American graduate and undergraduate students. It will also contribute to the development of innovative and cost-effective approaches to underwater research. The results of the investigation will be disseminated broadly to contemporary scholars concerned with the changing environments of the Great Lakes, and to the general public via museum exhibitions, workshops, and public lectures.Dr. O'Shea and the research team will investigate the Alpena-Amberley Ridge (AAR), a submerged feature beneath Lake Huron, which was a dry land corridor linking northern Michigan with southern Ontario during the most extreme low water stage. The unique setting of the AAR will be used to evaluate a series of questions concerning the seasonal and organizational character of the human occupation in light of more recent examples of caribou hunting adaptations in northern circumpolar regions. The research will also investigate how these early Holocene strategies become transformed into the broad spectrum economies that characterize the later Archaic period in the Great Lakes. The field investigations couple fine grained remote mapping of archaeological sites within a series of four micro-regions on the lake bottom using sonars and remote operated vehicles (ROVs) with the testing and excavation of preserved sites by SCUBA-trained archaeologists.