Rethinking the Role of the Legal Profession in Authoritarian Societies

重新思考法律职业在威权社会中的角色

• 批准号: 1531001
• 负责人: Kathryn Hendley
• 金额: $ 32.99万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1531001&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rethinking; Role; Legal; Profession; Authoritarian

Authoritarian societies are typically marked by passivity among citizens. Although violations of rights by the state may be rampant, citizens are reluctant to challenge the state, fearing they might be targeted for persecution. Lawyers tend to be similarly cowed. This project asks whether this might be changing. Focusing on the case of Russia, the project explores how lawyers think about themselves and their role in society through a random sample of 2500 recent law graduates. Russia presents an intriguing case because the number of young people studying law exploded just as the Putin regime stepped up its curtailment of the exercise of civil rights. The survey will reveal how graduates are dispersing themselves among various types of lawyering and their attitudes towards their obligations toward clients, with particular attention to the responsibility of lawyers to support clients who want to challenge the state or other powerful actors. The results promise to provide a window into the capacity of the Russian legal profession to spur the development of civil society. The results of the survey, which will be the first to include all types of Russian lawyers, will be archived and available to other researchers for analysis. The project uses mixed methods to map the Russian legal profession and investigate its political significance. The fractured nature of this group makes a survey of practicing lawyers impossible. The Principal Investigator, working in collaboration with Russian consultants, plans a panel survey of a single cohort of law school graduates. They will construct a sample of approximately 2500 law students (recipients of both bachelors and masters degrees) on the cusp of graduation in 2016, stratified by region and institutional prestige. The PI plans to return to this same group of respondents at regular 5-year intervals (though this proposal seeks funding for the first round). Among the questions that the PI will be able to answer are: how do graduates disperse among the various subgroups of the profession; and to what extent are some demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, ethnicity, religion, class) preferenced by the different subgroups of the profession in getting a job and moving up the ladder of success. As a supplement to the survey, the PI will conduct 120 follow-up interviews with respondents culled from the surveyed population with an eye to diversity in career path as well as demographic factors. These interviews will build on the survey and will be conducted in 2017. They will be concentrated in 3 regions: Moscow, Saratov, and Tomsk. The interviews will be transcribed and analyzed by the PI using NVIVO. As with the survey, future plans call for re-interviewing this same cohort of 120 respondents at regular intervals.

专制社会的典型特征是公民的被动性。虽然国家侵犯人权的行为可能很猖獗，但公民不愿意挑战国家，担心他们可能成为迫害的目标。律师们往往也会受到类似的恐吓。这个项目想知道这种情况是否会改变。该项目以俄罗斯为例，通过对2500名新近毕业的法律专业学生进行随机抽样，探讨律师如何看待自己及其在社会中的角色。俄罗斯是一个有趣的例子，因为就在普京政权加紧限制公民权利的行使之际，学习法律的年轻人数量激增。该调查将揭示毕业生如何分散在各种类型的律师工作中，以及他们对客户义务的态度，特别关注律师支持想要挑战国家或其他强大行为体的客户的责任。这些结果有望为俄罗斯法律的专业促进民间社会发展的能力提供一个窗口。调查结果将首次包括所有类型的俄罗斯律师，将存档并提供给其他研究人员进行分析。该项目使用混合方法绘制俄罗斯法律的职业地图，并调查其政治意义。这一群体的分裂性质使得对执业律师进行调查成为不可能。首席调查员与俄罗斯顾问合作，计划对一批法学院毕业生进行小组调查。他们将在2016年毕业的尖端构建一个大约2500名法律学生（学士和硕士学位获得者）的样本，按地区和机构声望分层。PI计划每隔5年定期回访同一组受访者（尽管该提案寻求第一轮的资金）。PI将能够回答的问题包括：毕业生如何分散在该行业的各个亚群中;以及一些人口统计特征（即，性别、种族、宗教、阶级）在获得工作和晋升成功的阶梯上受到不同职业群体的偏好。作为调查的补充，PI将与从调查人群中挑选的受访者进行120次后续访谈，以关注职业道路的多样性以及人口因素。这些访谈将以调查为基础，并将于2017年进行。他们将集中在3个地区：莫斯科，萨拉托夫和托木斯克。PI将使用NVIVO对采访进行转录和分析。与调查一样，未来的计划要求定期重新采访这120名受访者。