Questions at the Interface of Probability and Geometry

在动力学过程的数学描述中，一条共同的主线是一些重要的量的传输--可能是有缺陷的晶体中的电子，或者生物网络中的感染，或者社会网络中的信息--通过在微观层面结合随机性的规则，但在宏观尺度上导致统计规律性。在许多这样的过程中，理解这种宏观秩序的关键是仔细分析网络中单个粒子(或信息位)的随机运动。反过来，要理解非均匀网络中粒子的随机运动，往往需要分析均匀网络中的相应运动。这项研究的一个主要目标是构建一幅关于随机游走者在具有树状或“双曲”几何形状的无限均匀网络中的行为的综合图景。第二个目标是确定一些特定的流行病模型和信息传播模型在这种网络中的行为。一些研究课题将涉及研究生，他们将受益于这些数学概率论及其激励应用领域的前沿问题。该项目旨在解决一些重要的公开技术问题，涉及半单李群和其他不可服从离散群的格上的随机游动的长时间行为。这些都集中在“局部极限”行为上：对于哪些群体，随机游走的步长分布是任意的，但受到有限支持的，它们遵守普遍的局部极限法则？相关问题涉及这种随机游动的Martin边界的结构、出口测度的支撑性以及长随机环的几何。该项目还将致力于SIR流行病的研究，具体目的是描述临界结垢行为。

A common thread in the mathematical description of dynamical processes is the transport of some important quantity -- perhaps electrons in a crystal with imperfections, or infection in a biological network, or information in a social network -- by rules that incorporate randomness at the microscopic level, but result in statistical regularity at macroscopic scales. In many such processes, the key to understanding this macroscopic order is a careful analysis of the random motions of individual particles (or bits of information) in the network. In turn, understanding the random motions of particles in inhomogeneous networks often requires analysis of the corresponding motions in homogeneous networks. A major goal of this research is to construct a comprehensive picture of how random walkers behave in infinite homogeneous networks with tree-like, or "hyperbolic'' geometry. A secondary goal is to determine the behavior of a number of specific models of epidemic and information-propagation models in such networks. Some of the research topics will involve graduate students, who will benefit from exposure to these cutting-edge problems in mathematical probability theory and their motivating application areas.The project aims to settle a number of important open technical questions concerning the long-time behavior of random walks on lattices of semi-simple Lie groups and other nonamenable discrete groups. These center on "local limit" behavior: for which groups do random walks with arbitrary, but finitely supported, step distributions obey a universal local limit law? Related questions concern the structure of the Martin boundaries for such random walks, the support of the exit measure, and the geometry of long random loops. The project will also devote some effort to the study of SIR epidemics, with the particular object of describing critical scaling behavior.