Function and mechanism of action of plant-specific LINC complexes in pollen tube and guard cell biology.

植物特异性 LINC 复合物在花粉管和保卫细胞生物学中的功能和作用机制。

• 批准号: 1613501
• 负责人: Iris Meier
• 金额: $ 95.44万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1613501&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Function; mechanism; action; plant; specific

This project explores the function of a new class of plant proteins that are involved in positioning the nucleus with the plant cell. The manner in which the position of the nucleus affects the function of plant cells is important for their life cycle and for their response to changing environmental conditions. This project will first explore the mechanisms by which nuclear position is controlled in the pollen tube, a structure that is essential for fertilization and thus the subsequent seed production in flowering plants. This project will also explore the role of the nuclear position in the cells that control the opening and closing of apertures (stomata) in the leaf of the plant, which regulate the movement of carbon dioxide from the air into the plant, and the loss of water (as vapor) from plant leaves into the air. The uptake of carbon dioxide from the air and the loss of water from the plant are of added significance in the face of increasingly frequent climate events such as drought, temperature extremes and the rising levels of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere.Plant-specific outer nuclear envelope proteins (KASH proteins) are the functional equivalent of animal KASH proteins of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. This project will dissect how KASH proteins function in plant male fertility and guard cell function. One plant specific LINC complex is required to move the vegetative nucleus through the pollen tube and its disruption affects pollen tube termination and male fertility. The connection of this newly discovered process to known signaling pathways of pollen tube function will be determined. A second plant-specific LINC complex is involved in anchoring the nucleus in guard cells and its disruption changes guard cell actin organization, abiotic stress responses, and guard cell dynamics. The connection between guard cell nuclear position, cortical actin patterns and aperture regulation by biotic and abiotic signals will be investigated. Mathematical modeling and targeted genetic and biochemical approaches will be used to identify the motors, clarify the force requirements and define the mechanisms that control nuclear movement in pollen tube and guard cells.

这个项目探索了一类新的植物蛋白质的功能，这些蛋白质参与了细胞核与植物细胞的定位。细胞核的位置影响植物细胞功能的方式对它们的生命周期和对不断变化的环境条件的反应是重要的。该项目将首先探索控制花粉管中核位置的机制，花粉管是受精的关键结构，因此开花植物的种子生产也是如此。该项目还将探索控制植物叶片中气孔(气孔)的打开和关闭的细胞中的核位置所起的作用，该气孔调节二氧化碳从空气中进入植物，以及植物叶片中的水分(作为水蒸气)损失到空气中。面对日益频繁的气候事件，如干旱、极端温度和地球大气中二氧化碳水平的上升，从空气中吸收二氧化碳和从植物中损失水分变得更加重要。植物特有的核膜外膜蛋白(Kash蛋白)是与动物的Kash蛋白功能相当的核骨架和细胞骨架(LINC)复合体的连接物。这个项目将剖析Kash蛋白如何在植物雄性育性和保卫细胞功能中发挥作用。一个植物特有的LINC复合体需要通过花粉管移动营养核，它的破坏会影响花粉管的终止和雄性可育性。这个新发现的过程与已知的花粉管功能信号通路之间的联系将被确定。第二个植物特有的LINC复合体参与将细胞核锚定在保卫细胞中，它的破坏改变了保卫细胞肌动蛋白的组织、非生物胁迫反应和保卫细胞动力学。保卫细胞的核位置、皮质肌动蛋白模式和生物和非生物信号的孔径调节之间的联系将被研究。将使用数学建模和有针对性的遗传和生化方法来识别马达，澄清力要求，并定义控制花粉管和保卫细胞中核运动的机制。