SHINE: Multi-Spacecraft Observational Study and Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Modeling of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) Observed in Conjunction

SHINE：联合观测的行星际日冕物质抛射（ICME）的多航天器观测研究和磁流体动力学（MHD）建模

• 批准号: 1622352
• 负责人: Reka Winslow
• 金额: $ 35.78万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1622352&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SHINE; Multi; Spacecraft; Observational; Study

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are a complex and fundamental component of space weather. They have the potential to do significant damage to satellites, power grids, and humans in space. CMEs change in significant ways as they propagate through the interplanetary medium. There are only a few locations between the Sun and the Earth where measurements of the ICMEs (Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections) have been made. As such, this 3-year SHINE project is potentially transformative as it plans to use data and models to examine ICMEs that hit Mercury and Earth. The goals are to determine how their properties evolve, how solar wind interactions change them, and what critical factors affect the direction of the magnetic field in them. This last point is particularly important as the direction of the field when it hits Earth plays a very large role in the effect that the CME has on electric and telecommunications systems. The outcomes of this study have the potential to vastly improve the science behind prediction models used in space hazard early warning systems. The main goal of this SHINE project is to develop the physical understanding of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) propagation and evolution in the inner heliosphere inside 1 AU. To accomplish this goal, the project will use multi-spacecraft observations of the same ICME events at Mercury (MESSENGER) and at 1 AU (ACE, WIND, STEREO), in conjunction with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of these events to focus on ICME magnetic field (strength and direction), speed, and shock structure evolution from 0.3 AU to 1 AU. The main efforts of the analyses include force-free field fitting of the magnetic ejecta to determine the flux rope orientation and axial magnetic field strength at Mercury and at 1 AU, ICME shock shape determination at both distances, solar wind velocity estimation at Mercury (from proxies as well as models), and MHD simulations of real ICME events in order to discern global structure and changes during propagation. MESSENGER has now amassed a large dataset of ICMEs from years of observations at Mercury's heliocentric distances, and so this project is very timely and will lay the groundwork in mapping ICME evolution in preparation for the upcoming Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe Plus missions. The three key scientific questions addressed in this project are: (1) how do ICME properties (e.g., magnetic field, speed, shock structure) evolve from Mercury to 1 AU; (2) does the global magnetic field structure inside ejecta change significantly on average from Mercury to 1 AU; and, (3) what are the critical factors that affect change in flux rope orientation during propagation?The project is highly relevant to the NSF's SHINE program, and it will have a strong impact on the SHINE community. SHINE and the broader scientific community will be served through the following avenues. First, databases and results from the project will be made freely available to the scientific community. Second, the project team will engage the SHINE community through the SHINE workshop to take part in a challenge to use the observed ICME events as campaign events to test models. Third, the project will support an early career, female scientist, thereby contributing towards retaining highly qualified young scientists in academic research and promoting the advancement of women in science. Fourth, the Co-Is will teach undergraduate and graduate classes related to space science, and the research results will be incorporated, when possible, into advanced undergraduate and graduate classes. The project team will utilize the scientific outcome of this project to motivate and educate students, teachers, and the public with an appreciation of the importance of solar physics and STEM fields in general by leveraging the special initiatives of the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space (EOS) at UNH. Therefore, the research and EPO agenda of this project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.

冠状质量弹出（CME）是太空天气的复杂而基本的组成部分。 他们有可能对太空中的卫星，电网和人类造成重大损害。 当CME通过星际介质传播时，它们以重大的方式变化。 在太阳和地球之间只有几个位置，其中进行了ICME的测量（星际冠状质量弹出）。 因此，这个为期3年的Shine项目具有潜在的变革性，因为它计划使用数据和模型来检查撞击水星和地球的ICME。 目标是确定其性质的发展方式，太阳风相互作用如何改变它们以及哪些关键因素会影响磁场的方向。 最后一点尤其重要，因为当CME对电气和电信系统具有的影响中，它击中地球的方向起着非常重要的作用。 这项研究的结果有可能大大改善用于太空危害预警系统的预测模型背后的科学。这个光泽项目的主要目标是发展对1 Au内部的Heliosphere中星际冠状质量弹出（ICME）的传播和进化的物理理解。 To accomplish this goal, the project will use multi-spacecraft observations of the same ICME events at Mercury (MESSENGER) and at 1 AU (ACE, WIND, STEREO), in conjunction with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of these events to focus on ICME magnetic field (strength and direction), speed, and shock structure evolution from 0.3 AU to 1 AU. 分析的主要努力包括磁性喷射的无力场拟合确定汞和1 AU处的通量绳方向和轴向磁场强度，在两种距离处确定汞处的ICME休克形状，太阳风速估计值（从Proxies and Models）以及MHD模拟中的MHD模拟在序列中的实际结构以及PRECERN GLOMANT OR PREPERN ANDER PREPERS ANDER PREPERS ANDER PREPERS ANDER PREPENT和PREPERS ANDER PREPERS ANDER PREPERS ANDERS变化。 Messenger现在已经从多年的Mercury Helipentric距离观察到了一个大量的ICME数据集，因此该项目非常及时，并将为绘制ICME进化的基础奠定基础，以准备即将到来的太阳能轨道和太阳能探测和太阳能探测和任务。 该项目中解决的三个关键科学问题是：（1）ICME属性（例如磁场，速度，冲击结构）如何从汞演变为1 AU； （2）从汞到1 AU平均，射流内部的全局磁场结构是否会发生显着变化； （3）在传播过程中影响磁通绳方向变化的关键因素是什么？该项目与NSF的Shine计划高度相关，并且对Shine社区有很大的影响。 Shine和更广泛的科学界将通过以下途径提供服务。 首先，该项目的数据库和结果将免费提供给科学界。 其次，项目团队将通过Shine Workshop与Shine Community进行参与，以应对使用观察到的ICME事件作为测试模型的活动活动的挑战。 第三，该项目将支持早期职业，女性科学家，从而为保留高素质的年轻科学家在学术研究中做出了贡献，并促进了妇女在科学领域的发展。 第四，共同IS将教与太空科学有关的本科生和研究生班，并且在可能的情况下，研究结果将纳入高级本科和研究生班。 项目团队将利用该项目的科学成果来激励和教育学生，教师和公众，并通过利用地球，海洋，海洋和太空研究所的特殊倡议来赞赏太阳能物理和STEM领域的重要性。 因此，该项目的研究和EPO议程支持AGS部门在发现，学习，多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。