Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: DNA Analysis As A Tool For Understanding Population Movement

博士论文改进奖：DNA分析作为理解人口运动的工具

• 批准号: 1622479
• 负责人: Anne Stone
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1622479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; DNA

Research on migration in Archaeology has largely focused on its role as an agent of cultural change. However, migration and genetic admixture are also drivers of biological change and adaptation. Consequently, characterizing how ancient migrations shape genetic diversity is vital to inform understanding of biological ancestry, cultural evolution, and health outcomes in admixed human populations. But, because modern populations do not retain all the genomic diversity of ancient groups, genetic research with contemporary individuals provides limited resolution for reconstructing ancient demographic events. This limitation can be addressed by combining archaeological questions with ancient DNA. This investigation characterizes the genetic diversity of ancient human groups and test hypotheses about their relationships to other ancient and modern populations. Specifically, ancient DNA obtained from human skeletal remains in three archaeological sites (Tibes, Punta Candelero and Paso del Indio) will be analyzed to investigate the role of migration and genetic admixture in the history of pre-Columbian populations from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. The project incorporates training of undergraduate students in laboratory and analytical methods and contributes to the participation of underrepresented groups in the sciences through training of a female, Puerto Rican doctoral student. The researchers will engage the public by disseminating project findings through Ask-A Biologist, an online resource for students, teachers and the public, and by collaborating with archaeologists and the Ceremonial Center of Tibes site museum to integrate findings in public site tours. A significant aspect of this research is the optimization of protocols for DNA recovery from degraded skeletal remains. This methodological development improves ancient DNA recovery from remains in tropical environments, and can be extended to forensic applications where DNA may be damaged due to corpse deposition in adverse preservation contexts. Debate remains about how many migrants settled the island of Puerto Rico in antiquity, where they came from, and how these processes influenced social interaction networks across the ancient Caribbean basin. This investigation compares ancient mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from skeletal remains dated A.D. 500-1300, with data from other modern and ancient indigenous populations of the Americas to determine: (1) How were ancient populations in Puerto Rico related to continental Native American groups, and what may this indicate about their origins? (2) What was the extent of gene flow in the pre-contact Caribbean, and what may this indicate about local social interaction? Project findings reassess existing models for the peopling of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, and explore how migration and admixture shaped the biocultural diversity of ancient Caribbean populations. By also examining the extent of inter-island migration and genetic exchange, this investigation elucidates the role of kinship, residence patterns and mobility in the maintenance of interaction networks across the pre-Columbian Caribbean. Lastly, this study also sheds light on the genetic relationships between pre-Columbian populations and modern Puerto Ricans, the second largest Hispanic group in the USA. Given the growing role that Native American ethnicity plays in contemporary Puerto Rican culture, project results have implications for the construction and experience of modern Puerto Rican identity.

考古学移民的研究主要集中在其作为文化变革的推动者的作用上。但是，迁移和遗传混合也是生物学变化和适应的驱动因素。因此，表征古代迁移如何塑造遗传多样性对于告知对人类混合人群中生物学血统，文化进化和健康结果的理解至关重要。但是，由于现代人口并不能保留古代群体的所有基因组多样性，因此与当代人的遗传研究为重建古代人口事件提供了有限的分辨率。可以通过将考古问题与古代DNA相结合来解决此限制。这项调查是古代人类群体的遗传多样性的特征，并检验了其与其他古代和现代人群的关系的假设。具体而言，将分析从三个考古遗址（Tibes，Punta Candelero和Paso del Indio）中获得的古代DNA，以研究迁移和遗传混合物在来自波多黎各岛加勒比海岛上哥伦比亚岛前人口历史上的作用。该项目纳入了本科生在实验室和分析方法中的培训，并通过培训一名女性波多黎各人的博士生，为代表性不足的小组参与科学的培训。研究人员将通过Ask-A Bioss（学生，老师和公众的在线资源）以及与考古学家和Tibes Site Museum的礼仪中心合作，通过Ask-A Bioss进行分发项目调查结果来吸引公众。这项研究的一个重要方面是优化从降解的骨骼残留物中恢复DNA的方案。这种方法论的发展改善了在热带环境中的遗骸中的古老DNA恢复，并且可以扩展到法医应用，在不利保护环境中，由于尸体沉积可能会损坏DNA。关于有多少移民在古代定居波多黎各岛，他们来自哪里，以及这些过程如何影响整个古代加勒比海盆地的社会互动网络。这项调查比较了骨骼遗体的古代线粒体和核DNA日期为公元500-1300，与来自美洲其他现代和古代土著人口的数据相比，可以确定：（1）波多黎各与美国土著人群体相关的古代人口如何，这表明他们的起源可能是什么？ （2）前接触加勒比海的基因流量的程度是多少，这可能表明局部社会互动？项目发现重新评估了波多黎各和加勒比海人民的现有模型，并探索移民和混合如何塑造古代加勒比海人口的生物文化多样性。通过检查伊斯兰教际迁移和遗传交换的程度，这项研究阐明了亲属关系，居住模式和流动性在维持哥伦比亚前加勒比海的相互作用网络中的作用。最后，这项研究还阐明了哥伦比亚前人口与现代波多黎各人（美国第二大西班牙裔群体）之间的遗传关系。鉴于美国原住民种族在当代波多黎各文化中所发挥的作用越来越大，项目结果对现代波多黎各人身份的建设和经验具有影响。